Accusative of the Result Produced.

176. 1.  The ordinary type of this Accusative is seen in such expressions as—­

    librum scribo, I write a book;

    domum aedifico, I build a house.

2.  Many Verbs usually Intransitive take a Neuter Pronoun, or Adjective, as an Accusative of Result.  Thus:—­

  a) A Neuter Pronoun; as,—­

    haec gemebat, he made these moans;

    idem gloriari, to make the same boast;

    eadem peccat, he makes the same mistakes.

  b) A Neuter Adjective,—­particularly Adjectives of number or
  amount,—­multum, multa, pauca, etc.; also nihil; as,—­

    multa egeo, I have many needs;

    pauca studet, he has few interests;

    multum valet, he has great strength;

    nihil peccat, he makes no mistake.

NOTE.—­In poetry other Adjectives are freely used in this construction; as—­

    minitantem vana, making vain threats;

    acerba tuens, giving a fierce look;

    dulce loquentem, sweetly talking.

3.  The adverbial use of several Neuter Pronouns and Adjectives grows out of this Accusative; as,—­

    multum sunt in venatione, they are much engaged in hunting.

  a.  So also plurimum, very greatly; plerumque, generally; aliquid,
  somewhat; quid, why? nihil, not at all; etc.

4.  Sometimes an Intransitive Verb takes an Accusative of Result which is of kindred etymology with the Verb.  This is called a COGNATE ACCUSATIVE, and is usually modified by an Adjective; as,—­

    sempiternam servitutem serviat, let him serve an everlasting slavery;

    vitam duram vixi, I have lived a hard life.

  a.  Sometimes the Cognate Accusative is not of kindred etymology, but
  merely of kindred meaning; as,—­

    stadium currit, he runs a race;

    Olympia vincit, he wins an Olympic victory.

5.  The Accusative of Result occurs also after Verbs of tasting and smelling; as,—­

    piscis mare sapit, the fish tastes of the sea;

    orationes antiquitatem redolent, the speeches smack of the past.

Two Accusatives—­Direct Object and Predicate Accusative.

177.  Many Verbs of Making, Choosing, Calling, Showing, and the like, take two Accusatives, one of the Person or Thing Affected, the other a Predicate Accusative; as,—­

    me heredem fecit, he made me heir.

Here me is Direct Object, heredem Predicate Accusative.  So also—­

    eum judicem cepere, they took him as judge;

    urbem Romam vocavit, he called the city Rome;