usque ad urbem, even to the city.

2.  Versus always follows its case; as,—­

  Romam versus, toward Rome.

It may be combined with a preceding Preposition; as,—­

  ad urbem versus, toward the city.

3.  Like prope, the Comparatives propior, propius, and the Superlatives proximus, proxime, sometimes govern the Accusative; as,—­

Ubii proxime Rhenum incolunt, the Ubii dwell next to the Rhine;
propius castra hostium, nearer the camp of the enemy.

142.  The following Prepositions govern the Ablative:—­

a, ab, abs, from, cum, with. pro, in front of,
by. de, from, for.
absque, without. concerning. sine, without.
coram, in the e, ex, from out tenus, up to.
presence of_. of_.

                                                prae, before.

1.  A, ab, abs.  Before vowels or h, ab must be used; before consonants we find sometimes a, sometimes ab (the latter usually not before the labials b, p, f, v, m; nor before c, g, q, or t); abs occurs only before te, and a is admissible even there.

2.  E, ex.  Before vowels or h, ex must be used; before consonants we find sometimes e, sometimes ex.

3.  Tenus regularly follows its case, as, pectoribus tenus, up to the breast.  It sometimes governs the Genitive, as, labrorum tenus, as far as the lips.

4.  Cum is appended to the Pronouns of the First and Second Persons, and to the Reflexive Pronoun; usually also to the Relative and Interrogative.  Thus:—­

mecum nobiscum quocum or cum quo
tecum vobiscum quacum or cum qua
secum quibuscum or cum quibus

                    On quicum, see Sec. 89, Footnote 27.

143.  Two Prepositions, in, in, into, and sub, under, govern both the Accusative and the Ablative.  With the Accusative they denote motion; with the Ablative, rest; as,—­

in urbem, into the city;
in urbe, in the city.

1.  Subter and super are also occasionally construed with the Ablative.

144.  RELATION OF ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS.

1.  Prepositions were originally Adverbs, and many of them still retain their adverbial meaning; as, post, afterwards; ante, previously; contra, on the other hand, etc.

2.  Conversely several words, usually adverbs, are occasionally employed as prepositions; as,—­

  clam, pridie, with the Accusative.
  procul, simul, palam, with the Ablative.

3.  Anastrophe.  A Preposition sometimes follows its case.  This is called Anastrophe; as,—­