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PART III.

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PARTICLES.

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139.  Particles are the four Parts of Speech that do not admit of inflection; viz.  Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections.

ADVERBS.

140.  Adverbs denote manner, place, time, or degree Most adverbs are in origin case-forms which have become stereotyped by usage.  The common adverbial terminations have already been given above (Sec. 76).  The following TABLE OF CORRELATIVES is important:—­

RELATIVE AND DEMONSTRATIVE.  INDEFINITE. 
INTERROGATIVE.
ubi, where; where? hic, here. alicubi, usquam,
ibi, illic, istic, uspiam, somewhere.
there.
quo, whither; huc, hither_. aliquo, to some
whither? eo, istuc, illuc, place_.
thither.
unde, whence; hinc, hence_. alicunde, from
whence? inde, istinc, illinc, somewhere_.
thence.
qua, where; where? hac, by this way. aliqua, by some way.
ea, istac, illac, by
that way.
cum, when. nunc, now. aliquando, umquam,
quando, when? tum, tunc, then. sometime, ever.
quotiens, as often totiens, so often_. aliquotiens, some
as; how often? number of times_.
quam, as much as; tam, so much. aliquantum,
how much? somewhat.

PREPOSITIONS.

141.  Prepositions show relations of words.  The following Prepositions govern the Accusative:—­

ad, to. contra, against. post, after. adversus, erga, toward. praeter, past. against. extra, outside. prope, near. adversum, toward, infra, below. propter, on account against_. inter, between. of_. ante, before. intra, within. secundum, after. apud, with, juxta, near. subter, beneath. near. ob, on account super, over_. circa, around. of_. supra, above. circiter, about. penes, in the hands trans, across_. circum, around. of_. ultra, beyond. cis, this side per, through_. versus, toward. of_. pone, behind. citra, this side of.

1.  Usque is often prefixed to ad, in the sense of even; as,—­