Plurals with Change of Meaning.

61.  The following nouns have one meaning in the Singular, and another in the Plural:—­

SINGULAR.  PLURAL. aedes, temple; aedes, house. auxilium, help; auxilia, auxiliary troops. carcer, prison; carceres, stalls for racing-chariot. castrum, fort; castra, camp. copia, abundance; copiae, troops, resources. finis, end; fines, borders, territory. fortuna, fortune; fortunae, possessions, wealth. gratia, favor, gratiae, thanks. gratitude; impedimentum, impedimenta, baggage. hindrance; littera, letter (of the litterae, epistle; literature. alphabet); mos, habit, custom; mores, character. opera, help, service; operae, laborers. (ops) opis, help; opes, resources. pars, part; partes, party; role. sal, salt; sales, wit.

* * * * *

B. ADJECTIVES.

62.  Adjectives denote quality.  They are declined like nouns, and fall into two classes,—­

1.  Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions.

2.  Adjectives of the Third Declension.

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ADJECTIVES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS.

63.  In these the Masculine is declined like hortus, puer, or ager, the Feminine like porta, and the Neuter like bellum.  Thus, Masculine like hortus:—­

Bonus, good.

SINGULAR. 
MASCULINE.       FEMININE.        NEUTER.
Nom.  bonus           bona            bonum
Gen.  boni            bonae           boni
Dat.  bono            bonae           bono
Acc.  bonum           bonam           bonum
Voc.  bone            bona            bonum
Abl.  bono            bona            bono

PLURAL.
Nom.  boni            bonae           bona
Gen.  bonorum         bonarum         bonorum
Dat.  bonis           bonis           bonis
Acc.  bonos           bonas           bona
Voc.  boni            bonae           bona
Abl.  bonis           bonis           bonis

1.  The Gen. Sing.  Masc. and Neut. of Adjectives in -ius ends in -ii (not in -i as in case of Nouns; see Sec. 25, 1; 2).  So also the Voc.  Sing. of such Adjectives ends in -ie, not in i.  Thus eximius forms Gen. eximii; Voc. eximie.

2.  Distributives (see Sec. 78, 1, c) regularly form the Gen. Plu.  Masc. and Neut. in -um instead of -orum (compare Sec. 25, 6); as, denum centenum; but always singulorum.

64.  Masculine like puer:—­

Tener, tender.