v _ v _ v _ v _ v _ v _ Beatus ille qui procul negotiis.

The Caesura usually occurs in the third foot; less frequently in the fourth.

2.  In place of the Iambus, a Tribrach ( v v v ) may stand in any foot but the last.  In the odd feet (first, third, and fifth) may stand a Spondee, Dactyl, or Anapaest, though the last two are less frequent.  Sometimes a Proceleusmatic ( v v v v ) occurs.

3.  In the Latin comic writers, Plautus and Terence, great freedom is permitted, and the various equivalents of the Iambus, viz. the Dactyl, Anapaest, Spondee, Tribrach, Proceleusmatic, are freely admitted in any foot except the last.

* * * * *

SUPPLEMENTS TO THE GRAMMAR.

I. JULIAN CALENDAR.

371. 1.  The names of the Roman months are:  Januarius, Februarius, Martius, Aprilis, Majus, Junius, Julius (Quintilis[62] prior to 46 B.C.), Augustus (Sextilis[62] before the Empire), September, October, November, December.  These words are properly Adjectives in agreement with mensis understood.

2.  Dates were reckoned from three points in the month:—­

  a) The Calends, the first of the month.

  b) The Nones, usually the fifth of the month, but the seventh in March,
  May, July, and October.

  c) The Ides, usually the thirteenth of the month, but the fifteenth in
  March, May, July, and October.

3.  From these points dates were reckoned backward; consequently all days after the Ides of any month were reckoned as so many days before the Calends of the month next following.

4.  The day before the Calends, Nones, or Ides of any month is designated as pridie Kalendas, Nonas, Idus.  The second day before was designated as die tertio ante Kalendas, Nonas, etc.  Similarly the third day before was designated as die quarto, and so on.  These designations are arithmetically inaccurate, but the Romans reckoned both ends of the series.  The Roman numeral indicating the date is therefore always larger by one than the actual number of days before Nones, Ides, or Calends.

5.  In indicating dates, the name of the month is added in the form of an Adjective agreeing with Kalendas, Nonas, Idus.  Various forms of expression occur, of which that given under d) is most common:—­

=======================================================

==============
Days  |March,May,July|January, August|   April,June, |
of the|   October.   |   December    |   September,  |  February
month.|              |               |    November   |
------+--------------+---------------+---------------+------

---------
1  |KALENDIS      |KALENDIS       |KALENDIS       |KALENDIS
2  |VI Nonas      |IV  Nonas      |IV Nonas       |IV Nonas
3  |V    "        |III   "        |III  "         |III  "
4  |IV   "        |Pridie Nonas   |Pridie Nonas   |Pridie Nonas
5  |III  "        |NONIS          |NONIS          |NONIS