licet omnes terrores impendeant, succurram, though all terrors hang
    over me, (yet) I will lend aid.

5.  Quamquam, with the force and yet, is often used to introduce principal clauses; as,—­

    quamquam quid loquor, and yet why do I speak?

6.  In post-Augustan writers quamquam is freely construed with the Subjunctive, while quamvis is often used to introduce statements of fact, and takes either the Indicative or the Subjunctive.  Thus:—­

    quamquam moveretur his vocibus, although he was moved by these words;

    quamvis multi opinarentur, though many thought;

    quamvis infesto animo perveneras, though you had come with hostile
    intent.

Clauses with Dum, Modo, Dummodo, denoting a Wish or a Proviso.

310.  These particles are followed by the Subjunctive (negative ne) and have two distinct uses:—­

I. They are used to introduce clauses embodying a wish entertained by the subject of the leading verb; as,—­

    multi honesta neglegunt dummodo potentiam consequantur, many neglect
    honor in their desire to obtain power (if only they may attain);

    omnia postposui, dum praeceptis patris parerem, I made everything else
    secondary, in my desire to obey the injunctions of my father;

    nil obstat tibi, dum ne sit ditior alter, nothing hinders you in your
    desire that your neighbor may not be richer than you.

II.  They are used to express a proviso (’provided that’); as,—­

    oderint, dum metuant, let them hate, provided they fear;

    manent ingenia senibus, modo permaneat studium et industria, old men
    retain their faculties, provided only they retain their interest and
    vigor;

    nubant, dum ne dos fiat comes, let them marry, provided no dowry goes
    with it.

Relative Clauses.

311.  Relative Clauses are introduced by Relative Pronouns, Adjectives, or Adverbs.

312. 1.  Relative clauses usually stand in the Indicative Mood, especially clauses introduced by those General Relatives which are doubled or have the suffix -oumque; as,—­

    quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes, whatever it is, I fear
    the Greeks even when they offer gifts;

    quidquid oritur, qualecumque est, causam a natura habet, whatever
    comes into being, of whatever sort it is, has its primal cause in
    Nature.

2.  Any simple Relative may introduce a conditional sentence of any of the three types mentioned in Sec. 302-304; as,—­

    qui hoc dicit, errat, he who says this is mistaken (First Type);

    qui hoc dicat, erret, he would be mistaken who should say this
    (Second Type);