cum equitatus noster se in agros ejecerat, essedarios ex silvis
    emittebat, whenever our cavalry had advanced into the fields, he would
    send his charioteers out from the woods.

  a.  Sometimes the Imperfect or Pluperfect Subjunctive is thus used; as,—­

    saepe cum aliquem videret minus bene vestitum, suum amiculum dedit,
    often, wherever he saw some one more poorly clothed, he gave him his
    own mantle;

    cum procucurrissent, Numidae effugiebant, as often as they had
    advanced, the Numidians ran away.

  This construction is frequent in Livy and subsequent historians.

B. Cum REFERRING TO THE PRESENT OR FUTURE.

289.  When cum refers to the Present or Future it regularly takes the Indicative; as,—­

    tum tua res agitur, paries cum proximus ardet, your own interests are
    at stake when your neighbor’s house is burning;

    cum videbis, tum scies, when you see, then you will know.

  a.  The Indicative of the Present or Future may denote also a recurring
  action; as,—­

    stabilitas amicitiae confirmari potest, cum homines cupidinibus
    imperabunt, firm friendship can be established whenever men shall
    control their desires.

C. OTHER USES OF Cum.

290. 1.  Cum Explicative.  Cum, with the Indicative, is sometimes used to indicate the identity of one act with another; as,—­

    cum tacent clamant, their silence is a shout (lit. when they are
    silent, they shout).

2.  Cum ... tum.  When cum ... tum mean both ... and, the cum-clause is in the Indicative; but when cum has the force of while, though, it may take the Subjunctive; as,—­

    cum te semper dilexerim, tum tuis factis incensus sum, while I have
    always loved you, at the same time I am stirred by your conduct.

Clauses introduced by Antequam and Priusquam.

A. WITH THE INDICATIVE.

291.  Antequam and priusquam (often written ante ... quam, prius ... quam) take the Indicative to denote an actual fact.

1.  Sometimes the Present or Future Perfect; as,—­

    prius respondes quam rogo, you answer before I ask;

    nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit, I will say nothing in
    opposition, before he speaks.

2.  Sometimes the Perfect, especially after negative clauses; as,—­

    non prius jugulandi finis fuit, quam Sulla omnes suos divitiis
    explevit, there was no end of murder until Sulla satisfied all his
    henchmen with wealth.

B. WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE.

292.  Antequam and priusquam take the Subjunctive to denote an act as anticipated.

1.  Thus the Subjunctive may denote—­