287. 1.  Postquam (posteaquam), after; ut, ubi, when; cum primum, simul, simul ac (simul atque), as soon as, when used to refer to a single past act regularly take the Perfect Indicative; as,—­

    Epaminondas postquam audivit vicisse Boeotios, ‘Satis’ inquit ‘vixi,’
    Epaminondas, after he heard that the Boeotians had conquered, said, ’I
    have lived enough;’

    id ut audivit, Corcyram demigravit, when he heard this, he moved to
    Corcyra;

    Caesar cum primum potuit, ad exercitum contendit, Caesar, as soon as
    he could, hurried to the army;

    ubi de Caesaris adventu certiores facti sunt, legatos ad eum mittunt,
    when they were informed of Caesar’s arrival, they sent envoys to him.

  a.  The Historical Present may take the place of the Perfect in this
  construction.

2.  To denote the repeated occurrence of an act, ut, ubi, simul atque, as often as, when following an historical tense, take the Pluperfect Indicative (compare Sec. 288, 3; 302, 3); as,—­

    ut quisque Verris animum offenderat, in lautumias statim coniciebatur,
    whenever anybody had offended Verres’s feelings, he was forthwith put
    in the stone-quarry;

    hostes, ubi aliquos egredientes conspexerant, adoriebantur, whenever
    the enemy had seen any men disembarking, they attacked them.

  a.  In Livy and succeeding historians the Imperfect and Pluperfect
  Subjunctive are used to denote this repeated occurrence of an act
  (’Indefinite Frequency’); as,—­

    id ubi dixisset hastam mittebat, whenever he had said that, he hurled
    a spear.

3.  Occasionally the above conjunctions are followed by the Pluperfect Indicative of a single occurrence.  This is regularly the case with postquam in expressions denoting a definite interval of time (days, months, years, etc.), such as post tertium annum quam, triennio postquam.  Thus:—­

    quinque post diebus quam Luca discesserat, ad Sardiniam venit five
    days after he had departed from Luca he came to Sardinia;

    postquam occupatae Syracusae erant, profectus est Carthaginem, after
    Syracuse had been seized, he set out for Carthage.

4.  The Imperfect Indicative also sometimes occurs, to denote a continued state; as,—­

    postquam Romam adventabant, senatus consultus est, after they were on
    the march toward Rome, the Senate was consulted;

    postquam structi utrimque stabant, after they had been drawn up on
    both sides and were in position.

5.  Rarely postquam, posteaquam, following the analogy of cum, take the Subjunctive, but only in the historical tenses; as,—­

    posteaquam sumptuosa fieri funera coepissent, lege sublata sunt, after
    funerals had begun to be elaborate, they were done away with by law.