The Clause of Characteristic implies ’a person of the sort that does something’; the Indicative relative clause implies ’a particular person who does something.’

2.  Clauses of Characteristic are used especially after such expressions as, est qui; sunt qui; nemo est qui; nullus est qui; unus est qui; solus est qui; quis est qui; is qui; etc.  Thus:—­

    sunt qui dicant, there are (some) who say;

    nemo est qui nesciat, there is nobody who is ignorant;

    sapientia est una quae maestitiam pellat, philosophy is the only thing
    that drives away sorrow;

    quae civitas est quae non everti possit, what state is there that
    cannot be overthrown?

    non is sum qui improbos laudem, I am not the sort of man that praises
    the wicked.

  a.  Sometimes (very rarely in Cicero and Caesar) the clause of
  characteristic is used after comparatives; as,—­

    non longius hostes aberant quam quo telum adigi posset, the enemy were
    not too far off for a dart to reach them (lit. further off than [a
    point] to which a dart could be cast).

3.  The Clause of Characteristic often conveys an accessory notion of cause (since) or opposition (although).  Thus:—­

  a) Cause.  The relative is then frequently accompanied by ut, quippe,
  utpote; as,—­

    o fortunate adulescens, qui tuae virtutis Homerum praeconem inveneris,
    O fortunate man, since you have found a Homer as the herald of your
    valor;

    ut qui optimo jure eam provinciam obtinuerit, since he held that
    province by excellent right.

  b) Opposition:—­

    egomet qui sero Graecas litteras attigissem, tamen complures dies
    Athenis commoratus sum, I, although I had taken up Greek literature
    late in life, nevertheless tarried several days at Athens.

4.  Clauses of Characteristic may also be introduced by quin = qui (quae, quod) non; as,—­

    nemo est quin saepe audierit, there is no one who has not often
    heard;

    nemo fuit militum quin vulneraretur, there was no one of the soldiers
    who was not wounded.

5.  Related to Clauses of Characteristic are also phrases of the type: 

    quod sciam, so far as I know; quem (quam, quod), audierim, so far as
    I have heard.

Clauses of Result.

284. 1.  Clauses of Result are usually introduced by ut (that, so that), negative ut non (so that not), and take the Subjunctive.  The main clause often contains tantus, talis, tot, is (= talis), tam, ita, sic, adeo, or some similar word.  Thus:—­

    quis tam demens est ut sua voluntate maereat, who is so senseless as
    to mourn of his own volition?