ne repugnetis, do not resist!

    tu vero istam ne reliqueris, don’t leave her!

    impii ne placare audeant deos, let not the impious dare to appease the
    gods!

  a.  Neither of these constructions is frequent in classical prose.

  b.  A commoner method of expressing a prohibition in the second person is
  by the use of noli (nolite) with a following infinitive, or by cave or
  cave ne with the Subjunctive; as,—­

    noli hoc facere, don’t do this (lit. be unwilling to do)!

    nolite mentiri, do not lie!

    cave ignoscas, cave te misereat, do not forgive, do not pity!

    cave ne haec facias, do not do this (lit. take care lest you do)!

D. DELIBERATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE.

277.  The Deliberative Subjunctive is used in questions and exclamations implying doubt, indignation, the impossibility of an act, obligation, or propriety.  The Present is used referring to present time, the Imperfect referring to past.  The negative is non.  Thus:—­

    quid faciam, what shall I do?

    ego redeam, I go back!

    huic cedamus! hujus condiciones audiamus! are we to bow to him! are we
    to listen to his terms!

    quid facerem, what was I to do?

    hunc ego non diligam, should I not cherish this man?

  a.  These Deliberative Questions are usually purely Rhetorical in
  character, and do not expect an answer.

E. CONCESSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE.

278.  The Subjunctive is used to indicate something as granted or conceded for the sake of argument.  The Present is used for present time, the Perfect regularly for past.  The negative is ne.  Thus:—­

    sit hoc verum, I grant that this is true (lit. let this be true);

    ne sint in senectute vires, I grant there is not strength in old age;

    fuerit malus civis aliis; tibi quando esse coepit, I grant that he was
    a bad citizen to others; when did he begin to be so toward you?

OPTATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE.

279.  The Optative Subjunctive occurs in expressions of wishing.  The negative is regularly ne.

1.  The Present Tense, often accompanied by utinam, is used where the wish is conceived of as possible.

    di istaec prohibeant, may the gods prevent that!

    falsus utinam vates sim, oh that I may be a false prophet!

    ne veniant, may they not come!

2.  The Imperfect expresses, in the form of a wish, the regret that something is not so now; the Pluperfect that something was not so in the past.  The Imperfect and Pluperfect are regularly accompanied by utinam; as,—­

    utinam istud ex animo diceres, would that you were saying that in
    earnest (i.e.  I regret that you are not saying it in earnest);