a.  The Periphrastic Future Infinitive is often used, especially in the
  Passive, even in case of verbs which have the Participial Stem; as,—­

    spero fore ut hostes vincantur, I hope the enemy will be conquered.

4.  Passives and Deponents sometimes form a Future Perfect Infinitive with fore; as,—­

    spero epistulam scriptam fore, I hope the letter will have been
    written;

    dico me satis adeptum fore, I say that I shall have gained enough.

THE MOODS.

MOODS IN INDEPENDENT SENTENCES.

The Indicative in Independent Sentences.

271.  The Indicative is used for the statement of facts, the supposition of facts, or inquiry after facts.

1.  Note the following idiomatic uses:—­

  a) With possum; as,—­

    possum multa dicere, I might say much;

    poteram multa dicere, I might have said much (Sec. 270, 2).

  b) In such expressions as longum est, aequum est, melius est, difficile
  est, utilius est, and some others; as,—­

    longum est ea dicere, it would be tedious to tell that;

    difficile est omnia persequi, it would be difficult to enumerate
    everything.

The Subjunctive in Independent Sentences.

272.  The Subjunctive is used in Independent Sentences to express something—­

  1.  As willed—­Volitive Subjunctive;
  2.  As desired—­Optative Subjunctive;
  3.  Conceived of as possible—­Potential Subjunctive.

VOLITIVE SUBJUNCTIVE.

273.  The Volitive Subjunctive represents the action as willed.  It always implies authority on the part of the speaker, and has the following varieties:—­

A. HORTATORY SUBJUNCTIVE.

274.  The Hortatory Subjunctive expresses an exhortation.  This use is confined to the first person plural of the Present.  The negative is ne.  Thus:—­

    eamus, let us go;

    amemus patriam, let us love our country;

    ne desperemus, let us not despair.

B. JUSSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE.

275.  The Jussive Subjunctive expresses a command.  The Jussive stands regularly in the Present Tense, and is used—­

1.  Most frequently in the third singular and the third plural; as,—­

    dicat, let him tell;

    dicant, let them tell;

    quare secedant improbi, wherefore let the wicked depart!

2.  Less frequently in the second person, often with indefinite force; as,—­

    isto bono utare, use that advantage;

    modeste vivas, live temperately.

C. PROHIBITIVE SUBJUNCTIVE.

276.  The Subjunctive is used in the second and third persons singular and plural, with ne, to express a prohibition.  Both Present and Perfect occur, and without appreciable difference of meaning; as,—­