were completely defeated, and their leader, Achaemenes,
perished by the hand of Inarus himself. Memphis,
however, the capital, still resisted, and the struggle
thus remained doubtful. Inarus and Amyrtaeus implored
the assistance of Athens, which had the most powerful
navy of the time, and could lend most important aid
by taking possession of the river. Athens, which
was under the influence of the farsighted Pericles,
cheerfully responded to the call, and sent two hundred
triremes, manned by at least forty thousand men, to
assist the rebels, and to do as much injury as possible
to the Persians. On sailing up the Nile, the Athenian
fleet found a Persian squadron already moored in the
Nile waters, but it swept this obstacle from its path
without any difficulty. Memphis was then blockaded
both by land and water; the city was taken, and only
the citadel. Leucon-Teichos, or “the White
Fortress,” held out. A formal siege of
the citadel was commenced, and the allies lay before
it for months, but without result. Meanwhile,
Artaxerxes was not idle. Having collected an
army of 300,000 men, he gave the command of it to
Megabyzus, one of his best generals, and sent him to
Egypt against the rebels. Megabyzus marched upon
Memphis, defeated the Egyptians and their allies in
a great battle under the walls of the town, relieved
the Persian garrison which held the citadel, and recovered
possession of the place. The Athenians retreated
to the tract called Prosopitis, a sort of island in
the Delta, surrounded by two of the branch streams
of the Nile, which they held with their ships.
Here Megabyzus besieged them without success for eighteen
months; but at last he bethought himself of a stratagem
like that whereby Cyrus is said to have captured Babylon,
and adapted it to his purpose. Having blocked
the course of one of the branch streams, and diverted
its waters into a new channel, he laid bare the river-bed,
captured the triremes that were stuck fast in the soft
ooze, marched his men into the island, and overwhelmed
the unhappy Greeks by sheer force of numbers.
A few only escaped, and made their way to Cyrene.
The entire fleet of two hundred vessels fell into the
hands of the conqueror; and fifty others, sent as
a reinforcement, having soon afterwards entered the
river, were attacked unawares and defeated, with the
loss of more than half their number. Inarus, the
Libyan monarch, became a fugitive, but was betrayed
by some of his followers, surrendered, and crucified.
Amyrtaeus, who had been recognized as king of Egypt
during the six years that the struggle lasted, took
refuge in the Nile marshes, where he dragged out a
miserable existence for another term of six years.
The Egyptians offered no further resistance; and Egypt
became once more a Persian satrapy (B.C. 455).