He turned his gaze from the city and the ocean; before him lay the vineyards and meadows of the rich Campania.  The gate and walls—­ancient, half Pelasgic—­of the city, seemed not to bound its extent.  Villas and villages stretched on every side up the ascent of Vesuvius, not nearly then so steep or so lofty as at present.  For, as Rome itself is built on an exhausted volcano, so in similar security the inhabitants of the South tenanted the green and vine-clad places around a volcano whose fires they believed at rest for ever.  From the gate stretched the long street of tombs, various in size and architecture, by which, on that side, the city is as yet approached.  Above all, rode the cloud-capped summit of the Dread Mountain, with the shadows, now dark, now light, betraying the mossy caverns and ashy rocks, which testified the past conflagrations, and might have prophesied—­but man is blind—­that which was to come!

Difficult was it then and there to guess the causes why the tradition of the place wore so gloomy and stern a hue; why, in those smiling plains, for miles around—­to Baiae and Misenum—­the poets had imagined the entrance and thresholds of their hell—­their Acheron, and their fabled Styx:  why, in those Phlegrae, now laughing with the vine, they placed the battles of the gods, and supposed the daring Titans to have sought the victory of heaven—­save, indeed, that yet, in yon seared and blasted summit, fancy might think to read the characters of the Olympian thunderbolt.

But it was neither the rugged height of the still volcano, nor the fertility of the sloping fields, nor the melancholy avenue of tombs, nor the glittering villas of a polished and luxurious people, that now arrested the eye of the Egyptian.  On one part of the landscape, the mountain of Vesuvius descended to the plain in a narrow and uncultivated ridge, broken here and there by jagged crags and copses of wild foliage.  At the base of this lay a marshy and unwholesome pool; and the intent gaze of Arbaces caught the outline of some living form moving by the marshes, and stooping ever and anon as if to pluck its rank produce.

‘Ho!’ said he, aloud, ’I have then, another companion in these unworldly night—­watches.  The witch of Vesuvius is abroad.  What! doth she, too, as the credulous imagine—­doth she, too, learn the lore of the great stars?  Hath she been uttering foul magic to the moon, or culling (as her pauses betoken) foul herbs from the venomous marsh?  Well, I must see this fellow-laborer.  Whoever strives to know learns that no human lore is despicable.  Despicable only you—­ye fat and bloated things—­slaves of luxury—­sluggards in thought—­who, cultivating nothing but the barren sense, dream that its poor soil can produce alike the myrtle and the laurel.  No, the wise only can enjoy—­to us only true luxury is given, when mind, brain, invention, experience, thought, learning, imagination, all contribute like rivers to swell the seas of sense!—­Ione!’