His introducing his own opinions, and even prejudices, under general definitions of words, while at the same time the original meaning of the words is not explained, as his Tory, Whig, Pension, Oats, Excise,* and a few more, cannot be fully defended, and must be placed to the account of capricious and humorous indulgence.  Talking to me upon this subject when we were at Ashbourne in 1777, he mentioned a still stronger instance of the predominance of his private feelings in the composition of this work, than any now to be found in it.  ’You know, Sir, Lord Gower forsook the old Jacobite interest.  When I came to the word Renegado, after telling that it meant “one who deserts to the enemy, a revolter,” I added, Sometimes we say a Gower.  Thus it went to the press; but the printer had more wit than I, and struck it out.’

* Tory.  ’One who adheres to the ancient constitution or the state and the apostolical hierarchy of the church or England, opposed to a whig.’  Whig.  ’The name of a faction.’  Pension.  ’An allowance made to any one without an equivalent.  In England it is generally understood to mean pay given to a state hireling for treason to his country.’  Oats.  ’A grain which in England is generally given to horses, but in Scotland supports the people.’  Excise.  ’A hateful tax levied upon commodities, and adjudged not by the common judges of property, but wretches hired by those to whom excise is paid.’—­Ed.

Let it, however, be remembered, that this indulgence does not display itself only in sarcasm towards others, but sometimes in playful allusion to the notions commonly entertained of his own laborious task.  Thus:  ’Grub-street, the name of a street in London, much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems; whence any mean production is called Grub-street.’—­’Lexicographer, a writer of dictionaries, a harmless drudge.’

It must undoubtedly seem strange, that the conclusion of his Preface should be expressed in terms so desponding, when it is considered that the authour was then only in his forty-sixth year.  But we must ascribe its gloom to that miserable dejection of spirits to which he was constitutionally subject, and which was aggravated by the death of his wife two years before.  I have heard it ingeniously observed by a lady of rank and elegance, that ‘his melancholy was then at its meridian.’  It pleased god to grant him almost thirty years of life after this time; and once, when he was in a placid frame of mind, he was obliged to own to me that he had enjoyed happier days, and had many more friends, since that gloomy hour than before.

It is a sad saying, that ’most of those whom he wished to please had sunk into the grave;’ and his case at forty-five was singularly unhappy, unless the circle of his friends was very narrow.  He said to Sir Joshua Reynolds, ’If a man does not make new acquaintance as he advances through life, he will soon find himself left alone.  A man, Sir, should keep his friendship in constant repair.’