Take 2 oz. of gum sandarach, 1 oz. of litharge of gold, and 4 oz. of clarified linseed oil, which boil in a glazed earthenware vessel till the contents appear of a transparent yellow colour.  This will make a good varnish for the final coating for enamelled and japanned goods.

CARRIAGE VARNISH.

The following is used for the wheels, springs, and carriage parts of coaches and other vehicles:  Take of pale African copal 8 lb.; fuse, and add 2-1/2 gallons of clarified linseed oil; boil until very stringy, then add 1/4 lb. each of dry copperas and litharge; boil, and thin with 5-1/2 gallons of turpentine; then mix while hot with the following varnish, and immediately strain the mixture into a covered vessel.  Gum anime, 8 lb.; clarified linseed oil, 2-1/2 gallons; 1/4 lb. each of dried sugar of lead and litharge; boil, and thin with 5-1/2 gallons of turpentine; and mix it while hot as above directed.  Of course these quantities will only do for big jobs, and as it has to do with metal, it has been thought advisable to include the formula in this handbook.

METAL POLISHES.

The active constituent of all metal polishes is generally chalk, rouge, or tripoli, because these produce a polish on metallic surfaces.  The following recipes give good polishing soaps:—­

(1) 20 to 25 lb. liquid soap is intimately mixed with about 80 lb. of Swedish chalk and 1/2 lb.  Pompeiian red. (2) 25 lb. liquid coco-nut oil soap is mixed with 2 lb. tripoli, and 1 lb. each alum, tartaric acid, and white lead. (3) 25 lb. liquid coco-nut oil soap is mixed with 5 lb. rouge and 1 lb. ammonium carbonate. (4) 24 lb. coco-nut oil are saponified with 12 lb. soda lye of 38 deg. to 40 deg.  B., after which 3 lb. rouge, 3 lb. water, and 32 grammes ammonia are mixed in.  Good recipes for polishing pomades are as follows:  (1) 5 lb. lard and yellow vaseline is melted and mixed with 1 lb. fine rouge. (2) 2 lb. palm oil and 2 lb. vaseline are melted together, and then 1 lb. rouge, 400 grains tripoli, and 20 grains oxalic acid are stirred in. (3) 4 lb. fatty petroleum and 1 lb. lard are heated and mixed with 1 lb. of rouge.  The polishing pomades are generally perfumed with essence of myrbane.  Polishing powders are prepared as follows:  (1) 4 lb. magnesium carbonate, 4 lb. chalk, and 7 lb. rouge are intimately mixed. (2) 4 lb. magnesium carbonate are mixed with 150 grains fine rouge.  An excellent and harmless polishing water is prepared by shaking together 250 grains floated chalk, 1 lb. alcohol, and 20 grains ammonia.  Gilded articles are most readily cleansed with a solution of 5 grains borax in 100 parts water, by means of a sponge or soft brush.  The articles are then washed in pure water, and dried with a soft linen rag.  Silverware is cleansed by rubbing with a solution of sodium hyposulphite.

BLACK PAINTS.