The three winter months are June, July, and August.  During this interval the mornings and evenings are very chilly, and the nights excessively cold.  Hoar frosts are frequent, and become more severe the further you advance into the interior.  Ice half an inch thick is found at the distance of twenty miles from the coast.  Very little rain falls at this season, but the dews are very heavy when it does not freeze, and tend considerably to preserve the young crops from the effects of drought.  Fogs too are frequent and dense in low damp situations, and on the banks of the rivers.  The mean temperature at day-light is from 40 degrees to 45 degrees, and at noon from 55 degrees to 60 degrees.

The spring months are September, October, and November.  In the beginning of September the fogs still continue; the nights are cold, but the days clear and pleasant.  Towards the close of this month the cold begins very sensibly to moderate.  Light showers occasionally prevail, accompanied with thunder and lightning.  The thermometer at the beginning of the month is seldom above 60 degrees at noon, but towards the end frequently rises to 70 degrees.

In October there are also occasional showers, but the weather upon the whole is clear and pleasant.  The days gradually become warmer, and the blighting north-west winds are to be apprehended.  The sea and land breezes again resume their full sway.  The thermometer at sun-rise varies from 60 degrees to 65 degrees, and at noon is frequently up to 80 degrees.

In November the weather may be again called hot.  Dry parching winds prevail as the month advances, and squalls of thunder and lightning with rain or hail.  The thermometer at day-light is seldom under 65 degrees, and frequently at noon rises to 80 degrees, 84 degrees, and even 90 degrees.

Such is the temperature throughout the year at Port Jackson.  In the inland districts to the eastward of the mountains, the thermometer is upon an average 5 degrees lower in the morning, and the same number of degrees higher at noon throughout the winter season, but during the summer months it is 5 degrees higher at all hours of the day.  On the mountains themselves, and in the country to the westward of them, the climate, in consequence of their superior elevation, is much more temperate.  Heavy falls of snow take place during the winter, and remain sometimes for many days on the summits of the loftiest hills; but in the valleys the snow immediately dissolves.  The frosts too are much more severe, and the winters are of longer duration.  All the seasons indeed are more distinctly marked to the westward of the mountains, and bear a much stronger resemblance to the corresponding ones in this country.