[Illustration:  Weighing the First Gold.]

When he was sure that nobody else would come in, Marshall poured out in a heap on the table the little yellow beads that he had brought.

Sutter thought it was gold, but the men did not know how to tell whether it was pure or not.  At last they hunted up a book that told how heavy gold is.  Then they got a pair of scales and weighed the gold, putting silver dollars in the other end of the scales for weights.  Then they held one end of the scales under water and weighed the gold.  By finding how much lighter it was in the water than out of the water, they found that it was pure gold.

All the men at the mill promised to keep the secret.  They were all digging up gold when not working in the mill.  As soon as the mill should be done, they were going to wash gold.

But the secret could not be kept.  A teamster who came to the mill was told about it.  He got a few grains of the precious gold.

When the teamster got back to Sutter’s Fort, he went to a store to buy a bottle of whisky, but he had no money.  The storekeeper would not sell to him without money.  The teamster then took out some grains of gold.  The storekeeper was surprised.  He let the man have what he wanted.  The teamster would not tell where he got the gold.  But after he had taken two or three drinks of the whisky, he was not able to keep his secret.  He soon told all he knew about the finding of gold at Sutter’s Mill.

The news spread like fire in dry grass.  Men rushed to the mill in the mountains to find gold.  Gold was also found at other places.  Merchants in the towns of California left their stores.  Mechanics laid down their tools, and farmers left their fields, to dig gold.  Some got rich in a few weeks.  Others were not so lucky.

Soon the news went across the continent.  It traveled also to other countries.  More than one hundred thousand men went to California the first year after gold was found, and still more poured in the next year.  Thousands of men went through the Indian country with wagons.  Of course, there were no railroads to the west in that day.

Millions and millions of dollars’ worth of gold was dug.  In a short time California became a rich State.  Railroads were built across the country.  Ships sailed on the Pacific Ocean to carry on the trade of this great State.  Every nation of the earth had gold from California.

And it all started from one little, round, yellow bead of gold, that happened to lie shining at the bottom of a ditch, on a cold morning not so very long ago.

DESCENDING THE GRAND CANYON.

The Colorado River is the strangest river in the United States.  For hundreds of miles it runs through channels in solid rocks.  These channels are often thousands of feet deep.  In some places the rocks rise straight up like walls.  These walls are quite bare.  There are no trees and no grass on them.  There is not even any moss to be seen.  The bare rocks are of many colors.  When the sunlight strikes upon them, they are as beautiful as flowers and as gorgeous as the clouds, we are told.