Federico Ochando—­Governor (ad interim), 1893.

Ramon Blanco—­Becomes governor, 1893; electric light established in Manila, 1895; formation of Katipunan society; outbreak of insurrection, August 30 1896; Blanco opposed by ecclesiastics; term as governor, 1893-December 9 (date of royal decree removing him), 1896.

Camilo Polavieja—­General; becomes governor, December 13, 1896 (Algue); Rizal executed, December 30, 1896; Tagal republic proclaimed, October, 1896; insurrection spreads; operations against insurgents by General Lachambre, 1897; Polavieja issues amnesty proclamation, January 11, 1897; efficient service of loyal Filipino troops; term as governor, December 13, 1896-April 15, 1897.

Jose de Lachambre—­General; governor (ad interim), April 15-23, 1897.

Fernando Primo de Rivera—­Becomes governor for the second time, April 23, 1897; insurgents scattered, and more than thirty thousand natives said to have been killed in one province; pact of Biaknabato signed, December 14, 1897; re-occurrence of insurrections in Luzon, 1898; term as governor, April 23, 1897-April 11, 1898.

Basilio Augustin—­Becomes governor, April 11, 1898; Dewey’s victory, May 1, 1898.

Fermin Jaudens—­Becomes governor (ad interim), 1898; peace preliminaries, surrender of Manila, and entrance of Americans (August 13) into Manila.

Francisco Rizzo—­General; becomes governor (ad interim), 1898.

Diego de los Rios—­Becomes governor, with capital at Iloilo, 1898; treaty of Paris signed, December 10, 1898; term as governor, after August 13, 1898-December 10, 1898; leaves Manila, January 1, 1899. [94]

Law Regarding Vacancies in the Government

[Recopilacion de leyes, lib. ii, tit. xv, ley lviii, contains the following law on vacancies in the government.  It is dated Madrid, April 2, 1664.]

Inasmuch as representation has been made to us of the inconveniences resulting from the viceroys of Nueva Espana anticipating appointments among persons who reside in the Filipinas Islands, so that, in case of the absence of the president and governor and captain-general of the islands, those persons may enter upon and exercise those charges until the arrival of the person who is to govern—­ad interim or by royal appointment, according as we may decide:  therefore we order and command that, in case of the absence of the governor and captain-general of those islands, by death or any other accident, our royal Audiencia resident in the city of Manila shall govern them in political affairs, and the senior auditor in military.  The latter, in any cases of war arising for the defense and conservation of the said islands, and in any preparations or other precautions that it shall be advisable to make for this purpose, shall take the advice of the