[Footnote 10:  See Matthew Calbraith Perry, Boston, 1887.]

[Footnote 11:  See the author’s Townsend Harris, First American Minister to Japan, The Atlantic Monthly, August, 1891.]

[Footnote 12:  See Honda the Samurai, Boston, 1890; Nitobe’s United States and Japan; The Japan Mail passim; Dr. G.F.  Verbeck’s History of Protestant Missions in Japan, Yokohama, 1883; Dr. George Wm. Knox’s papers on Japanese Philosophy, T.A.S.J., Vol.  XX., p. l58, etc.  Recent Japanese literature, of which the writer has a small shelf-full, biographies, biographical dictionaries, the histories of New Japan, Life of Yoshida Shoin, and recent issues of The Nation’s Friend (Kokumin no Tomo), are very rich on this fascinating subject.]

[Footnote 13:  A typical instance was that of Rin Shihei, born 1737, author of Sun Koku Tsu Ran to Setsu, translated into French by Klaproth, Paris, 1832.  Rin learned much from the Dutch and Prussians, and wrote books which had a great sale.  He was cast into prison, whence he never emerged.  The (wooden) plates of his publications were confiscated and destroyed.  In 1876, the Mikado visited his grave in Sendai, and ordered a monument erected to the honor of this far-seeing patriot.]

[Footnote 14:  Rein, pp. 336, 337]

[Footnote 15:  Rein, p. 339; The Early Study of Dutch in Japan, by K. Mitsukuri, T.A.S.J., Vol.  V., p. 209; History of the Progress of Medicine in Japan, T.A.S.J., Vol.  XII., p. 245; Vijf Jaren in Japan, J.L.C.  Pompe van Meerdervoort, 2d Ed., Leyden, 1808.]

[Footnote 16:  Honda the Samurai, pp. 249-251; Nitobe, 25-27.]

[Footnote 17:  The Tokugawa Princes of Mito, by Professor E. W. Clement, T.A.S.J., Vol.  XVIII, p. 14; Nitobe’s United States and Japan, p. 25, note.]

[Footnote 18:  M.E. (6 Ed.), p. 608; Adams’s History of Japan, Vol.  II., p. 171.]

[Footnote 19:  See the text of the anti-Christian edicts, M.E., p. 369.]

[Footnote 20:  T.A.S.J., Vol.  XX., p. 17.]

[Footnote 21:  T.A.S.J., Vol.  IX., p. 134.]

[Footnote 22:  Tales of Old Japan, Vol.  II., p. 125; A Japanese Buddhist Preacher, by Professor M.K.  Shimomura, in the New York Independent; other sermons have been printed in The Japan Mail; Kino Dowa, two sermons and vocabulary, has been edited by Rev. C.S.  Eby, Yokohama.]

[Footnote 23:  On Sunday, November 29, 1857, Mr. Harris, resting at Kawasaki, over Sunday, on his way to Yedo and audience of the Sh[=o]gun, having Mr. Heusken as his audience and fellow-worshipper, read service from the Book of Common Prayer.]

[Footnote 24:  See a paper written by the author and read at the World’s Columbian Exhibition Congress of Missions, Chicago, September, 1893, on The Citizen Rights of Missionaries.]

[Footnote 25:  This embassy was planned and first proposed to the Junior premier, Tomomi Iwakura, and the route arranged by the Rev. Guido F. Verbeck, then President of the Imperial University.  One half of the members of the embassy had been Dr. Verbeck’s pupils at Nagasaki.]