[Footnote 8:  Often amusingly illustrated, M.E., p. 390.  A translation into Japanese of Goethe’s Reynard the Fox is among the popular works of the day.  “Strange to say, however, the Japanese lose much of the exquisite humor of this satire in their sympathy with the woes of the maltreated wolf.”—­The Japan Mail.  This sympathy with animals grows directly out of the doctrine of metempsychosis.  The relationship between man and ape is founded upon the pantheistic identity of being.  “We mention sin,” says a missionary now in Japan, “and he [the average auditor] thinks of eating flesh, or the killing of insects.”  Many of the sutras read like tracts and diatribes of vegetarians.]

[Footnote 9:  See The Art of Landscape Gardening in Japan, T.A.S.J., Vol.  XIV.; Theory of Japanese Flower Arrangements, by J. Conder, T.A.S.J., Vol.  XVII.; T.J., p. 168; M.E., p. 437; T.J., p. 163.]

[Footnote 10:  The book, by excellence, on the Japanese house, is Japanese Homes and Their Surroundings, by E.S.  Morse.  See also Constructive Art in Japan, T.A.S.J., Vol.  II., p. 57, III., p. 20; Feudal Mansions of Yedo, Vol.  VII., p. 157.]

[Footnote 11:  See Hearn’s Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan, pp. 385, 410, and passim.]

[Footnote 12:  For pathetic pictures of Japanese daily life, see Our Neighborhood, by the late Dr. T.A.  Purcell, Yokohama, 1874; A Japanese Boy, by Himself (S.  Shigemi), New Haven, 1889; Lafcadio Hearn’s Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan, Boston, 1894.]

[Footnote 13:  Klaproth’s Annales, and S. and H. passim.]

[Footnote 14:  See Pfoundes’s Fuso Mimi Bukuro, p. 130, for a list of grades from Ho-[=o] or cloistered emperor, Miya or sons of emperors, chief priests of sects, etc., down to priests in charge of inferior temples.  This Budget of Notes, pp. 99-144, contains much valuable information, and was one of the first publications in English which shed light upon the peculiarities of Japanese Buddhism.]

[Footnote 15:  Isaiah xl. 19, 20, and xli. 6, 7, read to the dweller in Japan like the notes of a reporter taken yesterday.]

[Footnote 16:  T.J., p. 339; Notes on Some Minor Japanese Religious Practices, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, May, 1893; Lowell’s Esoteric Shint[=o], T.A.S.J., Vol.  XXI.; Satow’s The Shint[=o] Temples of Ise, T.A.S.J., Vol.  II., p. 113.]

[Footnote 17:  M.E., p. 45; American Cyclopaedia, Japan, Literature—­History, Travels, Diaries, etc.]

[Footnote 18:  That is, no dialects like those which separate the people of China.  The ordinary folks of Satsuma and Suruga, for example, however, would find it difficult to understand each other if only the local speech were used.  Men from the extremes of the Empire use the T[=o]ki[=o] standard language in communicating with each other.]

[Footnote 19:  For some names of Buddhist temples in Shimoda see Perry’s Narrative, pp. 470-474, described by Dr. S. Wells Williams; S. and H. passim.]