[Footnote 21:  See Mr. F.W.  Eastlake’s papers in the Popular Science Monthly.]

[Footnote 22:  See Life of Sir Harry Parkes, Vol.  II, pp. 181-182.  “It is to be feared, however, that this reform [of the Yoshiwara system], like many others in Japan, never got beyond paper, for Mr. Norman in his recent book, The Real Japan [Chap.  XII.], describes a scarcely modified system in full vigor.”  See also Japanese Girls and Women, pp. 289-292.]

[Footnote 23:  See Pung Kwang Yu’s paper, read at the Parliament of Religions in Chicago, and The Chinese as Painted by Themselves, by Colonel Tcheng-Ki-Tong, New York and London, 1885.  Dr. W.A.P.  Martin’s scholarly book, The Chinese, New York, 1881, in the chapter Remarks on the Ethical Philosophy of the Chinese, gives in English and Chinese a Chart of Chinese Ethics in which the whole scheme of philosophy, ethics, and self-culture is set forth.]

[Footnote 24:  See an exceedingly clear, able, and accurate article on The Ethics of Confucius as Seen in Japan, by the veteran scholar, Rev. J.H.  De Forest, The Andover Review, May, June, 1893.  He is the authority for the statements concerning non-attendance (in Old Japan) of the husband at the wife’s, and older brother at younger brother’s funeral.]

[Footnote 25:  A Japanese translation of Mrs. Caudle’s Curtain Lectures, in a T[=o]ki[=o] morning newspaper “met with instant and universal approval,” showing that Douglas Jerrold’s world-famous character has her counterpart in Japan, where, as a Japanese proverb declares, “the tongue three inches long can kill a man six feet high.”  Sir Edwin Arnold and Mr. E.H.  House, in various writings, have idealized the admirable traits of the Japanese woman.  See also Mr. Lafcadio Hearn’s Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan, Boston, 1894; and papers (The Eternal Feminine, etc.), in the Atlantic Monthly.]

[Footnote 26:  Summary of the Japanese Penal Codes, T.A.S.J., Vol.  V., Part II.; The Penal Code of Japan, and The Code of Criminal Procedure of Japan, Yokohama.]

[Footnote 27:  See T.A.S.J., Vol.  XIII., p. 114; the Chapter on Marriage and Divorce, in Japanese Girls and Women, pp. 57-84.  The following figures are from the Resume Statistique de L’Empire du Japon, published annually by the Imperial Government: 

MARRIAGES.               DIVORCES. 
Number.   Per 1,000    Number.   Per 1,000
Persons.               Persons.

1887....334,149 8.55 110,859 2.84 1888....330,246 8.34 109,175 2.76 1889....340,445 8.50 107,458 2.68 1890....325,141 8.04 197,088 2.70 1891....352,051 8.00 112,411 2.76 1892....348,489 8.48 113,498 2.76 ]

[Footnote 28:  This was strikingly brought out in the hundreds of English compositions (written by students of the Imperial University, 1872-74, describing the home or individual life of students), examined and read by the author.]

[Footnote 29:  Homo sum:  humani nil a me alienum puto—­Heauton Tomoroumenos, Act—­, Scene 1, line 25, where Chremes inquires about his neighbor’s affairs.  For the golden rule of Jesus and the silver rule of Confucius, see Doolittle’s Social Life of the Chinese.]