[Footnote 20:  The phallus was formerly a common emblem in all parts of Japan, Hondo, Kiushiu, Shikoku, and the other islands.  Bayard Taylor noticed it in the Riu Kiu (Loo Choo) Islands; Perry’s Expedition to Japan, p. 196; Bayard Taylor’s Expedition in Lew Chew; M.E., p. 33, note; Rein’s Japan, p. 432; Diary of Richard Cocks, Vol.  I., p. 283.  The native guide-books and gazetteers do not allude to the subject.

Although the author of this volume has collected considerable data from personal observations and the testimony of personal friends concerning the vanishing nature-worship of the Japanese, he has, in the text, scarcely more than glanced at the subject.  In a work of this sort, intended both for the general reader as well as for the scientific student of religion, it has been thought best to be content with a few simple references to what was once widely prevalent in the Japanese archipelago.

Probably the most thorough study of Japanese phallicism yet made by any foreign scholar is that of Edmund Buckley, A.M., Ph.D., of the Chicago University, Lecturer on Shint[=o], the Ethnic Faith of Japan, and on the Science of Religion.  Dr. Buckley spent six years in central and southwestern Japan, most of the time as instructor in the Doshisha University, Ki[=o]to.  He will publish the results of his personal observations and studios in a monograph on phallicism, which will be on sale at Chicago University, in which the Buckley collection illustrating Shint[=o]-worship has been deposited.]

[Footnote 21:  Mr. Takahashi Gor[=o], in his Shint[=o] Shin-ron, or New Discussion of Shint[=o], accepts the derivation of the word kami from kabe, mould, mildew, which, on its appearance, excites wonder.  For Hirata’s discussion, see T.A.S.J., Vol.  III., Appendix, p. 48.  In a striking paper on the Early Gods of Japan, in a recent number of the Philosophical Magazine, published in T[=o]ki[=o], a Japanese writer, Mr. Kenjir[=o] Hirade, states also that the term kami does not necessarily denote a spiritual being, but is only a relative term meaning above or high, but this respect toward something high or above has created many imaginary deities as well as those having a human history.  See also T.A.S.J., Vol.  XXII., Part I., p. 55, note.]

[Footnote 22:  “There remains something of the Shint[=o] heart after twelve hundred years of foreign creeds and dress.  The worship of the marvellous continues....  Exaggerated force is most impressive....  So the ancient gods, heroes, and wonders are worshipped still.  The simple countryfolk clap their hands, bow their heads, mumble their prayers, and offer the fraction of a cent to the first European-built house they see.”—­Philosophy in Japan, Past and Present, by Dr. George Wm. Knox.]

[Footnote 23:  M.E., p. 474.  Honda the Samurai, pp. 256-267.]

[Footnote 24:  Kojiki, pp. 127, 136, 213, 217.]

[Footnote 25:  See S. and H., pp. 39, 76.