Influence on the Japanese Character.

In regard to the influence of Buddhism upon the morals and character of the Japanese, there is much to be said in praise, and much also in criticism.  It has aided powerfully to educate the people in habits of gentleness and courtesy, but instead of aspiration and expectancy of improvement, it has given to them that spirit of hopeless resignation which is so characteristic of the Japanese masses.  Buddhism has so dominated common popular literature, daily life and speech, that all their mental procedure and their utterance is cast in the moulds of Buddhist doctrine.  The fatalism of the Moslem world expressed in the idea of Kismet, has its analogue in the Japanese Ingwa, or “cause and effect,”—­the notion of an evolution which is atheistic, but viewed from the ethical side.  This idea of Ingwa is the key to most Japanese novels as well as dramas of real life.[60] While Buddhism continually preaches this doctrine of Karma or Ingwa,[61] the law of cause and effect, as being sufficient to explain all things, it shows its insufficiency and emptiness by leaving out the great First Cause of all.  In a word, Buddhism is law, but not gospel.  It deals much with man, but not with man’s relations with his Creator, whom it utterly ignores.  Christianity comes not to destroy its ethics, beautiful as they are, nor to ignore its metaphysics; but to fulfil, to give a higher truth, and to reveal a larger Universe and One who fills it all—­not only law, but a Law-giver.

CHAPTER XI — A CENTURY OF ROMAN CHRISTIANITY

    “Sicut cadaver.”

    “Et fiet unum ovile et unus pastor.”—­Vulgate, John x. 16.

    “He (Xavier) has been the moon of that ‘Society of Jesus’ of
    which Ignatius Loyola was the guiding sun.”—­S.W.  Duffield.

    “My God I love Thee; not because I hope for Heaven thereby,
    Nor yet because, who love Thee not, must, die eternally. 
    So would I love Thee, dearest Lord, and in Thy praise will sing;
    Solely because thou art my God, and my eternal King.” 
    —­Hymn attributed to Francis Xavier.

    “Half hidden, stretching in a lengthened line
    In front of China, which its guide shall be,
    Japan abounds in mines of Silver fine,
    And shall enlighten’d be by holy faith divine.” 
    —­Camoens

“The people of this Iland of Japon are good of nature, curteous aboue measure, and valiant in warre; their justice is seuerely executed without any partialitie vpon transgressors of the law.  They are gouerned in great ciuilitie.  I meane, not a land better gouerned in the world by ciuill policie.  The people be verie superstitious in their religion, and are of diuers opinions.”—­Will Adams, October 22, 1611.

“A critical history of Japan remains to be written ...  We should know next to nothing of what may be termed the Catholic episode