No man was more sensitive than Senator Douglas to these subtle influences of popular tradition, custom, and current sentiment.  Under the cumulative impression of the events which have been recorded, his confidence in popular sovereignty as an integrating force in national and local politics increased, and his public utterances became more assured and positive.[326] By the close of the year 1850, he had the satisfaction of seeing the collapse of the Free-Soil party in Illinois, and of knowing that the joint resolutions had been repealed which had so nearly accomplished his overthrow.  A political storm had been weathered.  Yet the diverse currents in Illinois society might again roil local politics.  So long as a bitter commercial rivalry divided northern and southern Illinois, and social differences held the sections apart, misunderstandings dangerous to party and State alike would inevitably follow.  How could these diverse elements be fused into a true and enduring union?  To this task Douglas set his hand.  The ways and means which he employed, form one of the most striking episodes in his career.

* * * * *

FOOTNOTES: 

[Footnote 294:  Reid was afterward Governor of North Carolina and United States Senator.]

[Footnote 295:  For many of the facts relating to Douglas’s courtship and marriage, I am indebted to his son, Judge Robert Martin Douglas, of North Carolina.]

[Footnote 296:  At the death of Colonel Martin, this plantation was worked by some seventeen slaves, according to his will.]

[Footnote 297:  This impression is fully confirmed by the terms of his will.]

[Footnote 298:  He was himself fully conscious of this influence.  See his speech at Raleigh, August 30, 1860.]

[Footnote 299:  The facts are so stated in Colonel Martin’s will, for a transcript of which I am indebted to Judge R.M.  Douglas.]

[Footnote 300:  Extract from the will of Colonel Martin.]

[Footnote 301:  This letter, dated August 3, 1850, is in the possession of Mrs. James W. Patton of Springfield, Illinois.]

[Footnote 302:  The characteristics of Illinois as a constituency in 1850 are set forth in greater detail, in an article by the writer in the Iowa Journal of History and Politics, July, 1905.]

[Footnote 303:  See Patterson, Early Society in Southern Illinois in the Fergus Historical Series, No. 14.  Also Ford, History of Illinois, pp. 38, 279-280; and Greene, Sectional forces in the History of Illinois—­in the Publications of Illinois Historical Library, 1903.]

[Footnote 304:  Between 1818 and 1840, fifty-seven new counties were organized, of which fourteen lay in the region given to Illinois by the shifting of the northern boundary.  See Publications of the Illinois Historical Library, No. 8, pp. 79-80.]

[Footnote 305:  Ford, History of Illinois, pp. 280-281.]