[Footnote 329:  Letter of Breese to Douglas, Illinois State Register, February 6, 1851.]

[Footnote 330:  Forney, Anecdotes, I, pp. 18-20.]

[Footnote 331:  Letter of Douglas to Breese, State Register, January 20, 1851.]

[Footnote 332:  Ibid., January 20, 1851.]

[Footnote 333:  Sanborn, Congressional Grants of Land in Aid of Railways, Bulletin of the University of Wisconsin, pp. 27-30.]

[Footnote 334:  Cutts, Constitutional and Party Questions, pp. 193-194.]

[Footnote 335:  Douglas renewed his bill in the short session of 1848-1849, but did not secure action upon it.]

[Footnote 336:  Cutts, Constitutional and Party Questions, p. 195.  There is so much brag in this account that one is disposed to distrust the details.]

[Footnote 337:  Sanborn, Congressional Grants, pp. 31-34.]

[Footnote 338:  Globe,31 Cong., 1 Sess., p. 904.  The vote was 26 to 14.]

[Footnote 339:  Ibid., p. 1838.]

[Footnote 340:  Sanborn, Congressional Grants, p. 35.]

[Footnote 341:  John Wentworth, in his Congressional Reminiscences, hints at some vote-getting in the East by tariff concessions; but Douglas insisted that it was the Chicago branch, promising to connect with Eastern roads, which won votes in New York, Pennsylvania and New England.  See Illinois State Register, March 13, 1851.  The subject is discussed by Sanborn, Congressional Grants, pp. 35-36.]

[Footnote 342:  Globe, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., p. 853.]

[Footnote 343:  Ibid., p. 869.]

[Footnote 344:  The economic significance of the Illinois Central Railroad appears in a letter of Vice-President McClellan to Douglas in 1856.  The management was even then planning to bring sugar from Havana directly to the Chicago market, and to take the wheat and pork of the Northwest to the West Indies via New Orleans.]

[Footnote 345:  Globe, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., App., p. 365.]

[Footnote 346:  Globe, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., App., p. 366.]

[Footnote 347:  Globe, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., App., pp. 369-370.]

[Footnote 348:  Globe, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., App., p. 370.]

[Footnote 349:  Ibid.]

[Footnote 350:  Globe, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., App., p. 371.  I have italicized one phrase because of its interesting relation to the Kansas-Nebraska Act.]

[Footnote 351:  Globe, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., App., p. 373.]

[Footnote 352:  Stephens, Const.  View of the War between the States, II, pp. 178 ff.]

[Footnote 353:  For an account of this interesting episode, see Stephens, War Between the States, II, pp. 202-204.  Boyd, not McClernand, was chairman of the House Committee, but the latter introduced the bills by agreement with Richardson.]

[Footnote 354:  Globe, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., pp. 662, 757.]