You had porridge and a scrap of meat, and if you laid hands on something sweeter, look out for Mrs. Tusser:
“What tack in a pudding?”
saith greedy gut-wringer:
Give such ye wot what, ere a pudding he
finger.
And, summarily, of breakfast there is this to be understood, that it is a thing of grace, not of custom:
No breakfast of custom provide for to
save,
But only for such as deserveth to have.
Very near Hesiod indeed!
For your dinner at noon you were more hospitably served. First of all, it was ready for you:
By noon see your dinner be ready and neat:
Let meat tarry servant not servant his
meat.
And you were to have enough—plain fare, but enough.
Give servants no dainties, but give them
enow;
Too many chaps wagging do beggar the plow;
but even here you would get according to your deserts. If you were lazy at your threshing, you would be given a “flap and a trap,” whatever those may be. And you were expected to eat the trencher bare:
Some gnaweth and leaveth, some crusts
and some crumbs:
Eat such their own leavings, or gnaw their
own thumbs.
In the hot weather you had time for sleep allowed you:
From May to mid-August an hour or two
Let Patch sleep a snatch, howsoever ye
do.
Though sleeping one hour refresheth his
song
Yet trust not Hob Grouthead for sleeping
too long.
Then came afternoon work, and at last supper. Here the mistress might unbend somewhat; for, as Tusser puts it:
Whatever God sendeth, be merry withal.
She had still, however, an eye for the servants:
No servant at table use sauc’ly
to talk,
Lest tongue set at large out of measure
do walk;
No lurching, no snatching, no striving
at all,
Lest one go without, and another have
all.
And then a final word:
Declare after supper—take heed
thereunto—
What work in the morning each servant
shall do.
And then—bed!
There were feast days, of course: Christmas to Epiphany was one long feast; then Plow Monday, Shrovetide, Sheep-shearing, Wake-Day, Harvest Home, Seed-Cake—these as the times came round. But there was a weekly regale too, which was known as Twice-a-Week-Roast. On Sundays and Thursdays a hot joint was the custom at supper. Tusser is clear about the value and sanction at once:
Thus doing and keeping such custom and
guise,
They call thee good huswife—they
love thee likewise.
Those days are past and done, with much to regret and much to be thankful for. You trained good servants that way—but did you make good men and women? Some think so, and I among them; but such training is two-edged, and while I feel sure that the girls and lads were the better for the discipline, I cannot believe that the masters and mistresses were. They nursed arrogance; out of them came the tyrants and gang-drivers of the eighteenth century, Act of Settlement, the Enclosure Acts, Speenhamland, rick-burning, machine-breaking, and the Bloody Assize of 1831. Well, now the reckoning has come, and Hodge will have Farmer Blackacre at his discretion.