13.  When ‘sons, servants, or favourites of men in authority’, in India, no longer oppress their fellows, the millennium will have arrived.

14.  It is some slight satisfaction to a zealous magistrate of the present day, when he sees a great and influential criminal escape his just doom, to think that even the best magistrates many years ago had to submit to similar painful experiences.  India cannot truly be described as an uncivilized or barbarous country, but, side by side with elements of the highest civilization, it contains many elements of primitive and savage barbarism.  The savagery of India cannot be dealt with by barristers or moral text-books.

15.  The number of subordinate magistrates, paid and unpaid, has of late years been enormously increased, and courts are, consequently, much more numerous than they used to be.  The vast increase in facility of communication has also diminished the inconveniences which the author deplores.  In Oudh, and certain other provinces, which used to be called Non-Regulation, the chief Magistrate of the District has power to try and adequately punish all offences, except capital ones.  The power is useful, when the district officer has time to exercise it, which is not always the case.

16.  There is a Superintendent of Police for the Province of Bengal; but in the North-Western Provinces his duties are divided among the Commissioners of Revenue. [W.  H. S.] By ‘Superintendent of Police’ the author means the high officer now called the Inspector-General of Police, under the present System each Local Government or Administration has one of these officers, who is aided by one or more staff officers as Assistant-Inspectors-General.  The Commissioners in the United Provinces have been relieved of police duties.  The organization of police stations has been much modified since the author’s time.  ‘Our Bengal territories’, as understood by the author, included, in addition to Bengal, the ‘North-Western Provinces’, now the Province, of Agra, the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories, now in the Central Provinces, and the Delhi Territories.  Oudh, of course, was then independent; and the Panjab was under the rule of Ranjit Singh.

17.  All these practices are still carried on; and experienced magistrates are well aware of their existence, though powerless to stop them.  People will often give private information of malpractices, but will hardly ever come into court, and speak out openly.  A magistrate cannot take action on statements which the makers will not submit to cross-examination.

18.  This is still a favourite trick.  Every year Inspectors-General of Police and Secretaries to Government make the same sarcastic remarks about the wonderful number of ‘attempts at burglary’, and the apparent contentment of the criminal classes with the small results of their labours.  But the Thanadar is too much for even Inspectors-General and Secretaries to Government.  No amount of reorganization changes him.