14.  Jahanara Begam, or the Begam Sahib, was the elder daughter of Shahjahan, a very able intriguer, the partisan of Dara Shikoh and the opponent of Aurangzeb during the struggle for the throne.  She was closely confined in Agra till her father’s death in 1666.  After that event she was removed to Delhi, where she died in 1682. (Tavernier, Travels, transl.  Ball, vol. i, p. 345.) She built the Begam Sarai at Delhi.  Her amours, real or supposed, furnished Bernier with some scandalous and sensational stories. (Bernier, Travels, transl.  Constable, and V. A. Smith (1914), pp. 11-14.) Some writers credit her with all the virtues, e.g., Beale in his Oriental Biographical Dictionary.  The author has omitted the last line of the inscription-’May God illuminate his intentions.  In the year 1093 ’, corresponding to A.D. 1682.  The first line is, ’Let nothing but the green [grass] conceal my grave.’ (Carr Stephen, p. 109.)

15.  The tomb of Humayun was erected by the Emperor’s widow, Haji Begam, or Bega Begam, not by Akbar.  She was the senior widow of Humayun, entitled Haji or ’pilgrim ’, because she performed the pilgrimage to Mecca.  Carr Stephen and other writers confound her with Hamida Banu Begam, the mother of Akbar.  For her true history see Beveridge, The History of Humayun by Gulbadan Begam (R.A.S., 1902).  Carr Stephen (p. 203) says that the mausoleum was completed in A.D. 1565, or, according to some, in A.D. 1569, at a coat of fifteen lakhs of rupees.  The true date is A.D. 1570, late in A.H. 977 (Baduoui, tr.  Lowe, ii. 135).  It is of special interest as being one of the earliest specimens of the architecture of the Moghal dynasty, The massive dome of white marble is a landmark for many miles round.  The body of the building is of red sandstone with marble decorations.  It stands on two noble terraces.  Humayun rests in the central hall under an elaborately carved marble sarcophagus.  The head of Dara Shikoh and the bodies of many members of the royal family are interred in the side rooms.  After the fall of Delhi in September, 1857, the rebel princes took refuge in this mausoleum.  The story of their execution by Hodson on the road to Delhi is well known, and has been the occasion of much controversy.

In the original edition a small coloured illustration of this tomb, from a miniature, is given on Plate 24.  See Fergusson, ed. 1910, pl. xxxiii; H.F.A., fig. 240; Fanshawe, p. 230 and plate.

16.  The tragic history of Dara Shikoh, the elder brother, and unsuccessful rival, of Aurangzeb, is fully given by Bernier.  The notes in Constable’s edition of that traveller’s work and those to Irvine’s Storia do Mogor (John Murray, 1907, 1908) give many additional particulars.  Dara Shikoh was executed by Aurangzeb in 1659, and it is alleged that with a horrid refinement of cruelty, the emperor, acting on the advice of his sister, Roshanara Begam, caused the head to be embalmed and sent packed