2.  On the death of Aurangzeb, which took place in the Deccan, on the 3rd of March, 1707 (N.S.), his son ’Azam marched at the head of the troops which he commanded in the Deccan, to meet Mu’azzam, who was viceroy in Kabul.  They met and fought near Agra.  ’Azam was defeated and killed.  The victor marched to meet his other brother, Kam Baksh, whom he killed near Hyderabad in the Deccan, and secured to himself the empire.  On his death, which took place in 1713, his four sons contended in the same way for the throne at the head of the armies of their respective viceroyalties.  Mu’izz-ud-din, the most crafty, persuaded his two brothers, Rafi-ash-Shan and Jahan Shah, to unite their forces with his own against their ambitions brother, Azim-ash-Shan, whom they defeated and killed, Mu’izz-ud-din then destroyed his two allies. [W.  H. S.]

The above note is not altogether accurate.  ’Azam, the third son of Aurangzeb, was killed in battle near Agra, in June 1707.  During the interval between Aurangzeb’s death and his own, he had struck coins.  Mu’azzam, the second, and eldest then surviving son, after the defeat of his rival, ascended the throne under the title of Shah Alam Bahadur Shah, and is generally known as Bahadur Shah.  He was then sixty-four years of age, his father having been eighty-seven years old when he died.  The events following the death of Bahadur Shah are narrated as follows by Mr. Lane-Poole; ’The Deccan was the weakest point in the empire from the beginning of the reign.  Hardly had Bahadur appointed his youngest brother, Kam Baksh (’Wish-fulfiller’), viceroy of Bijapur and Haidarabad, when that infatuated prince rebelled and committed such atrocities that the Emperor was compelled to attack him.  Zu-l-Fikar engaged and defeated the rebel king (who was striking coins in full assumption of sovereignty) near Haidarabad, and Kam Baksh died of his wounds (1708, A.H. 1120).

’In the midst of this confusion, and surrounded by portents of coming disruption, Bahadur died, 1712 (1124).  He left four sons, who immediately entered with the zest of their race upon the struggle for the crown.  The eldest, ’Azim-ash-Shan ("Strong of Heart"), first assumed the sceptre, but Zu-l-Fikar, the prime minister, opposed and routed him, and the prince was drowned in his flight.  The successful general next defeated and slew two other brothers, Khujistah Akhtar Jahan-Shah and Rafi-ash-Shan, and placed the surviving of the four sons of Bahadur [i.e.  Mu’izz-ud-din] on the throne with the title of Jahandar ("World-owner").  The new Emperor was an irredeemable poltroon and an abandoned debauchee.’ (The History of the Moghul Emperors of Hindustan illustrated by their Coins, Constable, 1892, and in Introd. to B.  M. Catal. of Moghul Emperors, same date.)

He was killed in 1713, and was succeeded by Farrukh-siyar, the son of Azim-ush-Shan.  The chronology is as follows:-