5.  By this awkward phrase the author seems to mean Lucknow, on the east, the capital of the kingdom of Oudh, and Udaipur, to the west, the capital of the long-descended chieftain of Mewar.  Alternatively, the author may possibly have referred to Agra and Gwalior, rather than Lucknow and Udaipur.

6.  ’The new city at Gwalior below the fortress is, like the city of Jhansi, known as the ‘Lashkar’, or camp.  The old city of Gwalior encircles the north end of the fortress.  The new city, or Lashkar, lies to the south, more than a mile distant.  In January, 1859, the population of the two cities together amounted to 142,044 persons (A.S.R., vol. ii, p. 331).

7.  Only those readers who have lived in India can fully understand the reasons why the pigs should frequent such a place, and how great would be the horrors of encamping in it.

8.  In the description of the author’s encampment at Gwalior, he fell into a mistake, which he discovered too late for correction in his journal.  His tents were not pitched within the Phul Bagh, as he supposed, but without; and seeing nothing of this place, he imagined that the dirty and naked ground outside was actually the flower-garden.  The Phul Bagh, however, is a very pleasing and well-ordered garden, although so completely secluded from observation by lofty walls that many other travellers must have encamped on the same spot without being aware of its existence. (Publishers’ note at end of volume ii of original edition. )

9.  Bhilsa is the principal town of the Isagarh subdivision in the Gwalior State.  The famous Buddhist antiquities near it are described at length in Cunningham, The Bhilsa Topes, or Buddhist Monuments of Central India (1854), and in Maisey, Sanchi and its Remains.  A full Description of the Ancient Buildings, Sculptures, and Inscriptions at Sanchi, near Bhilsa, in Central India.  With an Introductory Note by Major-General Sir Alexander Cunningham, K.C.I.E. (1892).  It is surprising that so keen an observer as the author appears not to have noticed any of the great Buddhist buildings of Central India.

10.  The government of Gwalior has improved since the author wrote.  Many reforms have been begun and more or less fully executed.  In May, 1887, the vast hoard of rupees buried in pits in the fort, valued at five millions sterling, was exhumed, and lent to the Government of India to be usefully employed.  The passive opposition of a court like that of Gwalior to the effectual execution of reforms is continuous and difficult to overcome.

11.  The author’s description of the ordinary Asiatic government at almost all times and in all places as ‘a grinding military despotism’ is correct.  Sentimental persons in both India and England are apt to forget this weighty truth.  The golden age of India, excepting, perhaps, the Gupta period between A.D. 330 and 455, is as mythical as that of Ireland.  What Persia now is, that would India be, if she had been left to her own devices.