569.  Nisargat is literally through creation or original nature, or birth.  Of course, what is implied is that one becomes a Brahmana, or Kshatriya, or Vaisya or Sudra, through original creation as such, by the Self-born, that is, birth.

570.  Ugra means a fierce or cruel person.  It is also applied to signify a person of a mixed caste whose occupation is the slaughter of animals in the chase.  The commentator is silent.  I think, the food supplied by a fierce or cruel person is meant here, What is said in this verse is that the several kinds of food spoken of here should be renounced by a good Brahmana.

571.  The sense is this:  if a Brahmana dies with any portion of the food of a Sudra, a Vaisya, or a Kshatriya in his stomach, in his next life he has to take birth as a Sudra, a Vaisya, or a Kshatriya.  If, again, during life he subsists upon food supplied to him by a Sudra, a Vaisya, or a Kshatriya, he has to take birth in his next life as a Sudra, a Vaisya, or a Kshatriya.

572.  Kundasin means a pander.  It may also imply one who eats from off the vessel in which the food eaten has been cooked without, that is, using plates or leaves.

573.  The sense seems to be this:  a Vaisya ultimately becomes a Brahmans by observing the duties indicated in verses 30 to 33.  As the immediate reward, however, of his observance of these duties, he becomes a great Kshatriya.  What he should next do in order to become a Brahmana is said in the verses that follow.

574.  This may, besides, imply the taking of a sixth portion of the merits acquired by his subjects through the righteous deeds they perform.

575.  In India an inferior should always stand aside for letting his superior pass.  The Kshatriya should give way to the Brahmana, the Vaisya to the Kshatriya, and the Sudra to the Vaisya.

576. i.e.  Soul (including the Supreme Soul) and Not-soul.

577.  Gauri is another name for Earth.

578.  The Nadies or Rivers are feminine.  Of course, among Rivers there are some that are masculine, notably, the Sindhu or Indus.  Tirthas are places with sacred waters.

579.  One who is free from vanity or arrogance deserves to be called Purusha.  The absence of vanity is implied by soliciting the help of others even when one is competent oneself.  Females follow females, such being their nature.  It is a compliment that Parvati pays to Siva for Siva’s questioning her when he himself is well-acquainted with the topic upon which she is asked to discourse.

580.  The word Sindhu in this verse does not imply the river Indus, but stands for a river in general.  Grammatically, it qualifies Devika before it.  Devika is another name of Sarayu.

581.  According to the Hindu scriptures, marriage is not a contract.  It is the union of two individuals of opposite sexes into one person for better performance of all deeds of piety.

582.  Trivikrama is one who covered the three worlds with three steps of his.  It implies Vishnu who assumed the form of a dwarf for beguiling the Asura king Vali.