Do thou listen to me with concentrated attention,
O goddess, for I shall now tell thee what the duties
are which appertain to the Kshatriya and about which
thou hast asked me. From the beginning it has
been said that the duty of the Kshatriya is to protect
all creatures. The king is the acquirer of a
fixed share of the merits earned by his subjects.
By that means the king becomes endued with righteousness.
That ruler of men who rules and protects his subjects
righteously, acquires, by virtue of the protection
he offers to others, many regions of felicity in the
world to come. The other duties of a person of
the kingly order consist of self-restraint and Vedic
study, the pouring of libations on the sacred fire,
the making of gifts, study, the bearing of the sacred
thread, sacrifices, the performance of religious rites,
the support of servants and dependants, and perseverance
in acts that have been begun. Another duty of
his is to award punishments according to the offences
committed. It is also his duty to perform sacrifices
and other religious rites according to the ordinances
laid down in the Vedas. Adherence to the practice
of properly judging the disputes of litigants before
him, and a devotion to truthfulness of speech, and
interference for aiding the distressed, are the other
duties by discharging which the king acquires great
glory both here and hereafter. He should also
lay down his life on the field of battle, having displayed
great prowess on behalf of kine and Brahmanas.
Such a king acquires in Heaven such regions of felicity
as are capable of being won by the performance of
Horse-sacrifices. The duties of the Vaisya always
consist of the keeping of cattle and agriculture, the
pouring of libations on the sacred fire, the making
of gifts, and study. Trade, walking in the path
of righteousness, hospitality, peacefulness, self-restraint,
welcoming of Brahmanas, and renouncing things (in favour
of Brahmanas), are the other eternal duties of the
Vaisya. The Vaisya, engaged in trade and walking
in the path of righteousness, should never sell sesame
and perfumery and juices or liquid substances.
He should discharge the duties of hospitality towards
all. He is at liberty to pursue religion and
wealth and pleasure according to his means and as
much as is judicious for him. The service of the
three regenerate classes constitutes the high duty
of the Sudra. That Sudra who is truthful in speech
and who has subdued his senses is regarded as having
acquired meritorious penances. Verily, the Sudra,
who having got a guest, discharges the duties of hospitality
towards him, is regarded as acquiring the merit of
high penances. That intelligent Sudra whose conduct
is righteous and who worships the deities and Brahmanas,
becomes endued with the desirable rewards of righteousness.
O beautiful lady, I have thus recited to thee what
the duties are of the four orders. Indeed, O
blessed lady, I have told thee what their respective
duties are. What else dost thou wish to hear?’