of duty.  That king who knows how to honour his subjects never suffers misery either here or hereafter.  That king whose subjects are always filled with anxiety or overburdened with taxes, and overwhelmed by evils of every kind, meets with defeat at the hands of his enemies.  That king, on the other hand, whose subjects grow like a large lotus in a lake succeeds in obtaining every reward here and at last meets with honour in heaven.  Hostility with a person that is powerful is, O king, never applauded.  That king who has incurred the hostility of one more powerful than himself, loses both kingdom and happiness.’

“Bhishma continued, ’The bird, having said these words, O monarch, unto king Brahmadatta, took the king’s leave and proceeded to the region she chose.  I have thus recited to thee, O foremost of kings, the discourse between Brahmadatta and Pujani.  What else dost thou wish to hear?’

SECTION CXL

“Yudhishthira said, ’When both righteousness and men, O Bharata, decay in consequence of the gradual lapse of Yuga, and when the world becomes afflicted by robbers, how, O Grandsire, should a king then behave?’[419]

“Bhishma said, ’I shall tell thee, O Bharata, the policy the king should Pursue at such distressful times.  I shall tell thee how he should bear himself at such a time, casting off compassion.  In this connection is cited the old story of the discourse between Bharadwaja and king Satrunjaya.  There was a king named Satrunjaya among the Sauviras.  He was a great car-warrior.  Repairing to Bharadwaja, he asked the Rishi about the truths of the science of Profit,—­saying,—­How can an unacquired object be acquired?  How again, when acquired, can it be increased?  How also, when increased, can it be protected?  And how, when protected, should it be used?—­Thus questioned about the truths of the science of Profit, the regenerate Rishi said the following words fraught with excellent reason unto that ruler for explaining those truths.

“The Rishi said, ’The king should always stay with the rod of chastisement uplifted in his hand.  He should always display his prowess.  Himself without laches, he should mark the laches of his foes.  Indeed, his eyes should ever be used for that purpose.  At the sight of a king who has the rod of chastisement ever uplifted in his hand, every one is struck with fear.  For this reason, the king should rule all creatures with the rod of chastisement.  Men possessed of learning and knowledge of truth applaud Chastisement.  Hence, of the four requisites of rule, viz., Conciliation, Gift, Disunion, and Chastisement, Chastisement is said to be the foremost.  When the foundation of that which serves for a refuge is cut away, all the refugees perish.  When the roots of a tree are cut away, how would the branches live?  A king possessed of wisdom should cut away the very roots of his foe.  He should then win over and bring under his sway the