to be very effective in a clear (unrainy) day.  An army, again; in which footsoldiers and elephants predominate becomes effective in the rainy season.  Having attended to these points (about the characters of the different kinds of forces and the manner of marching, quartering, and leading them), the king should turn his attention to the characteristics of place and time.  That king, who having attended to all these considerations, sets out under a proper constellation and on an auspicious lunation, always succeeds in obtaining victory by properly leading his troops.  No one should slay those that are asleep or thirsty or fatigued, or those whose accoutrements have fallen away, or one that has set his heart on final emancipation,[297] or one that is flying away, or one that is walking (unprepared) along a road, or one engaged in drinking or eating, or one that is mad, or one that is insane, or one that has been wounded mortally, or one that has been exceedingly weakened by his wounds, or one that is staying trustfully, or one that has begun any task without having been able to complete it,[298] or one that is skilled in some especial art (as mining, etc.), or one that is in grief, or one that goes out of the camp for procuring forage or fodder, or men who set up camps or are camp-followers, or those that wait at the gates of the king or of his ministers, or those that do menial services (unto the chiefs of the army), or those that are chiefs of such servants.  Those amongst thy warriors that break the rank of foes, or rally thy retreating troops, should have their pay doubled and should be honoured by thee with food, drink, and seats equal to thy own.  Those amongst such that are chiefs of ten soldiers should be made chiefs of a hundred.  That heedful hero again (amongst them) who is the chief of a hundred soldiers should be made the chief of a thousand.  Collecting together the principal warriors, they should be addressed, thus:  ’Let us swear to conquer, and never to desert one another.  Let those that are inspired with fear stay here.  Let those also stay here that would cause their chiefs to be slain by themselves neglecting to act heroically in the press of battle.  Let such men come as would never break away from battle or cause their own comrades to be slain.  Protecting their own selves as also their comrades, they are certain to slay the enemy in fight.  The consequence of flying away from battle are loss of wealth, death, infamy, and reproach.  Disagreeable and cutting speeches have to be heard by that man who flies away from battle, who loses his lips and teeth,[299] who throws away all his weapons, or who suffers himself to be taken as a captive by the foe.  Let such evil consequences always overtake the warriors of our foes.  Those that fly away from battle are wretches among men.  They simply swell the tale of human beings on earth.  For true manhood, however, they are neither here nor hereafter.  Victorious foes, O sire, proceed cheerfully.  Their praises recited