domesticity is said to be the root of all the other
modes of life. A self-restrained householder who
has conquered all his attachments to worldly objects
always attains to success (in respect of the great
object of life). A Brahmana, by begetting children,
by acquiring a knowledge of the Vedas, and by performing
sacrifices, pays off the three debts he owes.[896]
He should then enter the other modes of life, having
cleansed himself by his acts. He should settle
in that place which he may ascertain to be the most
sacred spot on earth, and he should strive in all
matters that lead to fame, for attaining to a position
of eminence. The fame of Brahmanas increases
through penances that are very austere, through mastery
of the various branches of knowledge, through sacrifices,
and through gifts. Indeed, a person enjoys endless
regions of the righteous (in the next world) as long
as his deeds or the memory thereof lasts in this world.
A Brahmana should teach, study, officiate at other
people’s sacrifices, and offer sacrifices himself.
He should not give away in vain or accept other people’s
gifts in vain. Wealth, sufficient in quantity,
that may come from one who is assisted in a sacrifice,
from a pupil, or from kinsmen (by marriage) of a daughter,
should be spent in the performance of sacrifice or
in making gifts. Wealth coming from any of these
sources should never be enjoyed by a Brahmana singly.[897]
For a Brahmana leading a life of domesticity there
is no means save the acceptance of gifts for the sake
of the deities, or Rishis, or Pitris, or preceptor
or the aged, or the diseased, or the hungry.[898]
Unto those that are persecuted by unseen foes, or those
that are striving to the best of their power to acquire
knowledge, one should make gifts from one’s
own possessions, including even cooked food, more
than one can fairly afford.[899] Unto a deserving person
there is nothing that cannot be given. They that
are good and wise deserve to have even the prince
of steeds, called Uchchaisravas, belonging to Indra
himself.[900] Of high vows (king) Satyasandha, having,
with due humility, offered his own life-breaths for
saving those of a Brahmana, ascended to heaven.
Sankriti’s son Rantideva, having given only lukewarm
water to the high-souled Vasishtha, ascended to heaven
and received high honours there. Atri’s
royal son Indradamana, possessed of great intelligence,
having given diverse kinds of wealth to a deserving
person, acquired diverse regions of felicity in the
next world. Usinara’s son Sivi, having
given away his own limbs and the dear son of loins
for the sake of a Brahmana, ascended to heaven from
this world. Pratardana, the ruler of Kasi, having
given away his very eyes to a Brahmana, obtained great
fame both here and hereafter. King Devavridha,
having given away a very beautiful and costly umbrella,
with eight golden ribs, proceeded to heaven with all
the people of his kingdom. Sankriti of Atri’s
race, possessed of great energy, having given instruction