the mind and its attributes of perception, memory,
imagination, etc. As the loadstone moves
iron, similarly, the senses are controlled by the
mind.[804] Thus reason the sceptics. The sceptics,
however, are in error. For the disappearance
(of only the animating force) upon the body becoming
lifeless (and not the simultaneous extinction of the
body upon the occurrence of that event) is the proof
(of the truth that the body is not the Soul but that
the Soul is something separate from the body and outlives
it certainly. If, indeed, body and Soul had been
the same thing, both would have disappeared at the
same instant of time. Instead of this, the dead
body may be seen for some time after the occurrence
of death. Death, therefore, means the flight
from the body of something that is different from
the body). The supplication of the deities by
the very men who deny the separate existence of the
Soul is another good argument for the proposition
that the Soul is separate from the body or has existence
that may be independent of a gross material case.
The deities to whom these men pray are incapable of
being seen or touched. They are believed to exist
in subtile forms. (Really, if a belief in deities divested
of gross material forms does no violence to their
reason, why should the existence of an immaterial
Soul alone do their reason such violence)? Another
argument against the sceptic is that his proposition
implies a destruction of acts (for if body and Soul
die together, the acts also of this life would perish,—a
conclusion which no man can possibly come to if he
is to explain the inequalities or condition witnessed
in the universe).[805] These that have been mentioned,
and that have material forms, cannot possibly be the
causes (of the immaterial Soul and its immaterial
accompaniments of perception, memory, and the like).
The identity of immaterial existences with objects
that are material cannot be comprehended. (Hence objects
that are themselves material cannot by any means be
causes for the production of things immaterial).—Some
are of opinion that there is rebirth and that it is
caused by Ignorance, the desire for acts, cupidity,
heedlessness, and adherence to other faults.
They say that Ignorance (Avidya) is the soul.
Acts constitute the seed that is placed in that soil.
Desire is the water that causes that seed to grow,
in this way they explain rebirth. They maintain
that that ignorance being ingrained in an imperceptible
way, one mortal body being destroyed, another starts
I up immediately from it; and that when it is burnt
by the aid of knowledge, the destruction of existence
itself follows or the person attains to what is called
Nirvana. This opinion also is erroneous. [This
is the doctrine of Buddhists]. It may be asked
that when the being that is thus reborn is a different
one in respect of its nature, birth, and purposes
connected with virtue and vice why should I then be
regarded to have any identity with the being that