after guests of the trader-caste through his servants, and those of the Brahmana caste through his sons.  Fire hath its origin in water; Kshatriyas in Brahmanas; and iron in stone.  The energy of those (i.e., fire, Kshatriyas, and iron) can affect all things but is neutralised as soon as the things come in contact with their progenitors.  Fire lieth concealed in wood without showing itself externally.  Good and forgiving men born of high families and endued with fiery energy, do not betray any outward symptoms of what is within them.  That king whose counsels cannot be known by either outsiders or those about him, but who knoweth the counsels of others through his spies, enjoyeth his prosperity long.  One should never speak of what one intends to do.  Let anything thou doest in respect of virtue, profit, and desire, be not known till it is done.  Let counsels be not divulged.  Ascending on the mountain-top or on the terrace of a palace, or proceeding to a wilderness devoid of trees and plants, one should, in secrecy, mature his counsels.  O Bharata, neither a friend who is without learning, nor a learned friend who hath no control over his senses, deserveth to be a repository of state secrets.  O king, never make one thy minister without examining him well, for a king’s finances and the keeping of his counsels both depend on his minister.  That king is the foremost of rulers, whose ministers know his acts in respect of virtue, profit and desire, only after they are done.  The king whose counsels are kept close, without doubt, commandeth success.  He that from ignorance committeth acts that are censurable, loseth his very life in consequence of the untoward results of those acts.  The doing of acts that are praise-worthy is always attended with ease.  Omission to do such acts leadeth to repentance.  As a Brahmana without having studied the Vedas is not fit to officiate at a Sraddha (in honour of the Pitris), so he that hath not heard of the six (means for protecting a kingdom) deserveth not to take part in political deliberations.  O king, he that hath an eye upon increase, decrease, and surplus, he that is conversant with the six means and knoweth also his own self, he whose conduct is always applauded, bringeth the whole earth under subjection to himself.  He whose anger and joy are productive of consequences, he who looketh over personally what should be done, he who hath his treasury under his own control, bringeth the whole earth under subjection to himself.  The king should be content with the name he wins and the umbrella that is held over his head.  He should divide the wealth of the kingdom among these that serve him.  Alone he should not appropriate everything.  A Brahmana knoweth a Brahmana, the husband understandeth the wife, the king knoweth the minister, and monarchs know monarchs.  A foe that deserveth death, when brought under subjection should never be set free.  If one be weak one should pay court to one’s foe that is stronger, even if the latter deserves death;