mice cri’ses ter’mi ni chil’dren neb’u lae a lum’ni ver’te brae stra’ta syn op’ses geese { kine, cows } { staves, staffs} { broth’ers,breth’ren } { pease, peas} { dies, dice}

Lesson 139.

Ing signifies continuing to; as talking, continuing to talk.  The following words, in taking their suffix, double the final letter.  The last letter is doubled when the word ends with a single consonant preceded by a single vowel.

plan’ning   win’ning    stop’ping   a bet’ting
fret’ting   blot’ting   gun’ning    re bel’ling
bid’ding    rob’bing    shut’ting   o mit’ting

Other words ending with consonants, which do not double the final letter.

act’ing     fail’ing   mean’ing   ex pand’ing
land’ing    rain’ing   coax’ing   con sent’ing
build’ing   sail’ing   suit’ing   vis’it ing

Lesson 140.

Words ending in e silent, generally drop the e in adding ing.

mak’ing     seiz’ing   rul’ing      ex pir’ing
nam’ing     forc’ing   lin’ing      re fus’ing
plagu’ing   hedg’ing   squeez’ing   in trigu’ing
ach’ing     writ’ing   schem’ing    alleg’ing

The final e is retained when it is necessary to prevent a change of pronunciation, or to maintain the identity of a word.

hoe’ing     shoe’ing    change’a ble
toe’ing     singe’ing   trace’able
tinge’ing   dye’ing     peace’a ble
foe’man     blue’ness   charge’a ble

Lesson 141.

Ed, as a suffix, generally signifies did.  In words like the following the e in ed is silent, and the wards, though of two and three syllables, are pronounced in one and two.

blazed    wedged   boiled    be reaved
drained   solved   coiled    be sieged’
hailed    called   soiled    blas phemed’
lamed     hauled   bowed     ac quired’
paved     mauled   crowned   con trol1ed’
stowed    warmed   plowed    a bused’
saved     warned   roused    ac cused’
feared    warped   scoured   com muned’
flowed    proved   soured    con fused’
glued     shoved   dodged    de coyed’
begged    loved    filled    en joyed’

Lesson 142.

In words like the following, ed is pronounced as t; and, although of two and three syllables, the words are pronounced in one and two.

graced    fixed   es caped’     at tacked’
scraped   mixed   em braced’    con fessed’
cracked   boxed   en grossed’   op pressed’

In other words formed by the affix ed, the last letter is doubled in words of one syllable, or in words accented on the last syllable, when they end with a single consonant preceded by a single vowel; as, wed, wed’ded.  If the word ends in any other consonant than d or t, the e in ed becomes silent, and the two syllables become one; as, hem, hemmed, pronounced hemd.

jut’ted    shunned   com pelled   o mit’ted
fret’ted   tapped    e quipped’   im bed’ded
fit’ted    rubbed    de murred’   com mit’ted

Lesson 143.

Words not included in the ahove rule, do not double the final consonant.