In sharp contrast to all these ogres, the board of education shines benignant and bland.  Here is power making itself manifest in the form of young ladies, kindly of eye and speech, who take a sweet and friendly interest in the children and all that concerns them.  Woman meets woman and no policeman interferes.  The little ones are cared for, instructed, kept out of mischief for five hours a day, taught the language and customs of the country in which they are to make their living or their fortunes; and generally, though the board of education does not insist upon it, they are cherished and watched over.  Doctors attend them, nurses wait upon them, dentists torture them, oculists test them.

Friendships frequently spring up between parent and teacher, and it often lies in the power of the latter to be of service by giving either advice or more substantial aid.  At Mothers’ meetings the cultivation of tolerance still goes on.  There, women of widely different class and nationality, meet on the common ground of their children’s welfare.  Then there are roof gardens, recreation piers and parks, barges and excursions, all designed to help the poorer part of the city’s population—­without regard to creed or nationality—­to bear and to help their children to bear the killing heat of summer.  So Jew and Gentile, black and white, commingle; and gradually old hostilities are forgotten or corrected.  The board of education provides night schools for adults and free lectures upon every conceivable interesting topic, including the history and geography and natural history of distant lands.  Travelers always draw large audiences to their lectures.

The children soon learn to read well enough to translate the American papers and there are always newspapers in the different vernaculars, so that the emigrant soon becomes interested not only in the news of his own country, but in the multitudinous topics which go to make up American life.  He soon grasps at least the outlines of politics, national and international, and before he can speak English he will address an audience of his fellow countrymen on “Our Glorious American Institutions.”

It is not only the emigrant parent who profits by the work of the public school.  The American parent also finds himself, or generally herself, brought into friendly contact with the foreign teachers and the foreign friends of her children.  The New York public school system culminates in the Normal College, which trains women as teachers, and the College of the City of New York, which offers courses to young men in the profession of law, engineering, teaching, and, besides, a course in business training.  The commencement at these institutions brings strangely contrasted parents together in a common interest and a common pride.  The students seem much like one another, but the parents are so widely dissimilar as to make the similarity of their offspring an amazing fact for contemplation.  Mothers with shawls over