—­ + Another reading here is “a Hebrew Virgin,” and the Armenian recension has the name “Mary.”  See Hahn, Bibliothek der Symbole, p. 4; and Harnack’s Appendix to the same work, p. 376. # Apol., ch. xv.  The quotation is from the Greek text preserved in the History of Barlaam and Josaphat.  See The Remains of the Original Greek of the Apology of Aristides, by J. Armitage Robinson.  Texts and Studies (Cambridge, 1891), vol. i. pp. 78, 79, 110. “hoi de Christianoi genealogountai apo tou Kuriou Jesou Christou, houtos de ho huios tou theou tou hupsistou homologeitai en Pneumati Hagio ap’ ouranou katabas dia ten soterian ton anthropon; kai ek parthenou hagias gennetheis ... sapka anelabe, kai anephane anthpopois.” —­

3.  Justin Martyr.

In his Apologies and in his Dialogue with Trypho he has three summaries of the Christian Faith, in all of which the Virgin-Birth, the Crucifixion, the Death, the Resurrection, and the Ascension are the chief points of belief about Christ.

In his First Apology (written between 140 and 150) he says:  “We find it foretold in the Books of the Prophets that Jesus our Christ should come born of a Virgin . . . be crucified and should die and rise again, and go up to Heaven, and should both be and be called the ‘Son of God.’” * And a little later in the same work he says:  “He was born as man of a Virgin, and was called Jesus, and was crucified, and died, and rose again, and has gone up into heaven."+

—­ * Apol., i. 31.  “En de tais ton propheton biblois heuromen prokerussomenon paraginomenon gennomenon dia parthenou . . . stauroumenon Iesoun ton hemeteron Christon, kai apothneskonta, kai anegeiromenon, kai eis ouranous anerchomenon, ai huion theou onta kai keklemenon.” + Apol., i. 46.  “Dia parthenou anthropos apekuethe, kai Iesous eponomasthe, kai staurotheis kai apothanon aneste, kai aneleluthen eis ouranon.” —­

In his Dialogue with Trypho the Jew (written after the First Apology) he says:  “For through the name of this very Son of God, who is also the First-born of every creature, and who was born of a Virgin, and made a man subject to suffering, and was crucified by your nation in the time of Pontius Pilate, and died, and rose again from the dead, and ascended into heaven, every evil spirit is exorcised and overcome and subdued."#

—­ # Dial., 85. “kata gar tou omonatos autou toutou tou huiou tou theou, kai prototokou pases ktiseos, kai dia parthenou gennethentos kai pathetou genomenou anthropou, kai staurothentos epi Pontiou Pilatou hupo tou laou humon kai apothanontos kai anastantos ek nekron, kai anabantos eis ton ouranon, pan daimonion exorkizomenon nikatai kai hupotassetai.” —­

4.  St. Irenaeus.

Writing not later than 190, he makes constant reference to the Virgin-Birth as an integral portion of the Faith of Christendom.  He says:  “The Church, though scattered over the whole world to the ends of the earth, yet having received from the Apostles and their disciples the Faith—­