Greek, knowledge of, in Renaissance, 182. 
Greene, R., quoted, 473. 
Gregorovius cited, 421, 430, 479,. 
Guarino, 171. 
Guarnieri, 158. 
Guelphs and Ghibeliines, 69, 206. 
Guicciardini, 278, 280, 285, 295, 482;
  works, 291, 294, 301 seq.;
  political theories analyzed, 304 seq.;
  quoted, 44, 91, 92, 119, 169, 223,
  284, 404, 409, 412, 417, 431, 434,
  451, 536. 541. 547, 549, 582, 583,
  603.

H

Hawkwood, J., 113. 
Hegel quoted, 367. 
Hegel, C, cited, 252. 
Heribert, 58. 
Hildebrand, 59. 
Hirsch cited, 567. 
Hogarth, works, 490. 
Howell cited, 473. 
Hussites, 9. 
Hutten, 27.

I

Infessura, works, 292; cited, 405;
  quoted, 395, 404, 474,
Innocent VIII., 403. 
Inquisition in Spain, 399. 
Inventions of Renaissance, 29. 
Italy, history (see Condottieri, Papacy), its character, 32;
  papacy and empire, 33, 41, 43, 94, 97, 99;
  variety of governments, 35, 43;
  their influence on national development, 44;
  politics, 36;
  invasions, 39;
  want of historical continuity, 41;
  the despotisms, 42;
  origin of modern history, 46;
  the Lombards, 48;
  Charles the Great, 51;
  Berengar, 52;
  Otho I., 52;
  growth of power of Church, 53;
  Frederick I., 63;
  Charles of Anjou, 75;
  convulsions of 14th century, 81;
  states of 15th century, 88;
  obstacles to unity, 89;
  to monarchy, 92;
  to federalism, 95;
  in time of Machiavelli, 365;
  policy of Lorenzo, 543;
  equilibrium destroyed, 545;
  French invasion, 549;
  character of their army, 565;
  league against them, 576;
  cause of their failure, 340;
  effect of their example, 583;
  on other nations, 585;
  Charles V., 98.

  Italians incapable of helping themselves, 586;
    responsible for their despots, 115;
    development precocious and unsound, 495;
    fatal effects of want of union, 538, 552.

  The Republics, character of their history, 33, 193;
    beginning of the power of the cities, 53;
    their origin, 54;
    count and bishop, 55;
    “people,” 55;
    commune, 56;
    consuls, 56;
    effect of struggle of papacy and empire, 61;
    influence of latter, 198;
    Guelphs and Ghibeliines, 69, 80, 206;
    wars of cities, 62;
    Frederic I., 64;
    struggle with nobles, 66;
    the podesta, 67;
    “captain of the people,” 71;
    the “arti,” 72;
    distinction between parties, 74;
    not representative governments, 196;
    not democratic, 195;
    factions, 195, 210;
    small number of active citizens, 209;
    temporal character of alliances, 212.