[Governor Miller asked to what expression of Mr. Madison’s opinion Mr. Clay referred; and Mr. Clay replied, his opinion, expressed in the House of Representatives in 1789, as reported in Lloyd’s Congressional Debates.]

Gentlemen are greatly deceived as to the hold which this system has in the affections of the people of the United States.  They represent that it is the policy of New England, and that she is most benefited by it.  If there be any part of this Union which has been most steady, most unanimous, and most determined in its support, it is Pennsylvania.  Why is not that powerful State attacked?  Why pass her over, and aim the blow at New England?  New England came reluctantly into the policy.  In 1824, a majority of her delegation was opposed to it.  From the largest State of New England there was but a solitary vote in favor of the bill.  That interesting people can readily accommodate their industry to any policy, provided it be settled.  They supposed this was fixed, and they submitted to the decrees of government.  And the progress of public opinion has kept pace with the developments of the benefits of the system.  Now, all New England, at least in this House (with the exception of one small still voice), is in favor of the system.  In 1824, all Maryland was against it; now the majority is for it.  Then, Louisiana, with one exception, was opposed to it; now, without any exception, she is in favor of it.  The march of public sentiment is to the South.  Virginia will be the next convert; and in less than seven years, if there be no obstacles from political causes, or prejudices industriously instilled, the majority of Eastern Virginia will be, as the majority of Western Virginia now is, in favor of the American system.  North Carolina will follow later, but not less certainly.  Eastern Tennessee is now in favor of the system.  And, finally, its doctrines will pervade the whole Union, and the wonder will be, that they ever should have been opposed.

FRANK H. HURD,

OF OHIO. (BORN 1841, DIED 1896.)

A tariff for revenue only;

House of representatives, February 18, 1881.

MR. CHAIRMAN: 

At the very threshold it is proper to define the terms I shall use and state the exact propositions I purpose to maintain.  A tariff is a tax upon imported goods.  Like other taxes which are levied, it should be imposed only to raise revenue for the government.  It is true that incidental protection to some industries will occur when the duty is placed upon articles which may enter into competition with those of domestic manufacture.  I do not propose to discuss now how this incidental protection shall be distributed.  This will be a subsequent consideration when the preliminary question has been settled as to what shall be the