of the Territory of Louisiana lying south of 36 deg. 30’, and the portion north of it included in the State of Missouri, with the portion lying south of 36 deg. 30’ including the States of Louisiana and Arkansas, and the territory lying west of the latter, and south of 36 deg. 30’, called the Indian country.  These, with the Territory of Florida, now the State, make, in the whole, two hundred and eighty-three thousand five hundred and three square miles.  To this must be added the territory acquired with Texas.  If the whole should be added to the southern section it would make an increase of three hundred and twenty-five thousand five hundred and twenty, which would make the whole left to the South six hundred and nine thousand and twenty-three.  But a large part of Texas is still in contest between the two sections, which leaves it uncertain what will be the real extent of the proportion of territory that may be left to the South.

I have not included the territory recently acquired by the treaty with Mexico.  The North is making the most strenuous efforts to appropriate the whole to herself, by excluding the South from every foot of it.  If she should succeed, it will add to that from which the South has already been excluded, 526,078 square miles, and would increase the whole which the North has appropriated to herself, to 1,764,023, not including the portion that she may succeed in excluding us from in Texas.  To sum up the whole, the United States, since they declared their independence, have acquired 2,373,046 square miles of territory, from which the North will have excluded the South, if she should succeed in monopolizing the newly acquired territories, about three fourths of the whole, leaving to the South but about one fourth.

Such is the first and great cause that has destroyed the equilibrium between the two sections in the Government.

The next is the system of revenue and disbursements which has been adopted by the Government.  It is well known that the Government has derived its revenue mainly from duties on imports.  I shall not undertake to show that such duties must necessarily fall mainly on the exporting States, and that the South, as the great exporting portion of the Union, has in reality paid vastly more than her due proportion of the revenue; because I deem it unnecessary, as the subject has on so many occasions been fully discussed.  Nor shall I, for the same reason, undertake to show that a far greater portion of the revenue has been disbursed at the North, than its due share; and that the joint effect of these causes has been, to transfer a vast amount from South to North, which, under an equal system of revenue and disbursements, would not have been lost to her.  If to this be added, that many of the duties were imposed, not for revenue, but for protection,—­that is, intended to put money, not in the treasury, but directly into the pockets of the manufacturers,—­some conception may be formed of the immense amount which,