For ducks two onions are chopped fine, and added to the above; or a potato dressing is made, as for geese, using six large boiled potatoes, mashed hot, and seasoned with an even tablespoonful of salt, a teaspoonful each of sage and pepper, and two chopped onions.

Game is usually roasted unstuffed; but grouse and prairie-chickens may have the same dressing as chickens and turkeys, this being used also for boiled fowls.

ROAST TURKEY.

Prepare by cleaning, as in general directions above, and, when dry, rub the inside with a teaspoonful of salt.  Put the gizzard, heart, and liver on the fire in a small saucepan, with one quart of boiling water and one teaspoonful of salt, and boil two hours.  Put a little stuffing in the breast, and fold back the skin of the neck, holding it with a stitch or with a small skewer.  Put the remainder in the body, and sew it up with darning-cotton.  Cross and tie the legs down tight, and run a skewer through the wings to fasten them to the body.  Lay it in the roasting-pan, and for an eight-pound turkey allow not less than three hours’ time, a ten or twelve pound one needing four.  Put a pint of boiling water with one teaspoonful of salt in the pan, and add to it as it dries away.  Melt a heaping tablespoonful of butter in the water, and baste very often.  The secret of a handsomely-browned turkey, lies in this frequent basting.  Dredge over the flour two or three times, as in general roasting directions, and turn the turkey so that all sides will be reached.  When done, take up on a hot platter.  Put the baking-pan on the stove, having before this chopped the gizzard and heart fine, and mashed the liver, and put them in the gravy-tureen.  Stir a tablespoonful of brown flour into the gravy in the pan, scraping up all the brown, and add slowly the water in which the giblets were boiled, which should be about a pint.  Strain on to the chopped giblets, and taste to see if salt enough.  The gravy for all roast poultry is made in this way.  Serve with cranberry sauce or jelly.

ROAST OR BOILED CHICKENS.

Stuff and truss as with turkeys, and to a pair of chickens weighing two and a half pounds each, allow one hour to roast, basting often, and making a gravy as in preceding receipt.

Boil as in rule for turkeys.

ROAST DUCK.

After cleaning, stuff as in rule given for poultry dressing, and roast,—­if game, half an hour; if tame, one hour, making gravy as in directions given, and serving with currant jelly.

ROAST GOOSE.

No fat save its own is needed in basting a goose, which, if large, requires two hours to roast.  Skim off as much fat as possible before making the gravy, as it has a strong taste.

BIRDS.