420.  St. Jerome dies in Palestine.

A persecution of the Christians in Persia leads to war between that nation and the Eastern Empire.

422.  Peace concluded with Persia.  Incursion of the Huns into Thrace.

423.  Death of Honorius; usurpation of Joannes the Notary.

425.  Joannes is beheaded.  The young Valentinian is proclaimed emperor, and his mother, Placidia, regent.

A synod at Carthage forbids appeals to the Bishop of Rome.  The revenues of the Church are become very large.

428.  Conquests of the Vandals in Spain.

Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople, founds the sect of Nestorians, which still subsists in Persia and Turkey.

429.  Wild Moors join the Vandals who have invaded Africa.

430.  Bonifacius unsuccessfully opposes the Vandals in Africa; they besiege Hippo Regius.  St. Augustine dies there in the third month of the siege.

431.  Hippo Regius falls.

Third general council of the Church, held at Ephesus; one of the most turbulent in history.

432.  Bonifacius, although victorious, perishes in the conflict with his rival Aetius.

433.  Attila, King of the Huns, begins his reign.[75] St. Patrick preaches in Ireland.

435.  Nestorius exiled to the Libyan desert.

439.  The Vandals, under Genseric, take Carthage.

440.  Leo the Great elected pope.

441.  Attila and his Huns pass the Danube; they invade Illyricum.  See “HUNS INVADE THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE,” iv, 28.

442.  Valentinian by a treaty of peace cedes Africa to Genseric.  A comet is visible.

444.  Attila murders his brother, Bleda, and rules alone over the Huns.

446.  Britons in vain apply to Aetius for aid against the Picts and Scots.

Thermopylae passed by the Huns; the Eastern Emperor makes humiliating terms of peace with Attila.  See “HUNS INVADE THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE,” iv, 28.

Pope Leo assumes a tone of high authority, and asserts the supremacy of the Roman Pontiff over all other bishops.

449.  Landing of the Jutes under Hengist and Horsa in Britain, called there to repel the Picts and Scots.  See “THE ENGLISH CONQUEST OF BRITAIN,” iv, 55.

The “Robber Synod” meets at Ephesus.  It reinstates Eutyches in the office of priest and archimandrite, from which he had been expelled, and exposes Flavian, Patriarch of Constantinople, who is so roughly attacked that he dies soon afterward of his injuries.

A synod at Rome reverses the acts at Ephesus.

450.  Death of Theodosius II; by a nominal marriage his sister Pulcheria raises Marcian to the throne.

Attila demands the princess Honoria in marriage.

451.  Gaul invaded by Attila; battle of Chalons.  See “ATTILA INVADES WESTERN EUROPE,” iv, 72.

Fourth general council of the Church, held at Chalcedon; the acts of the “Robber Synod” are annulled.