the Koran, nor talk openly of their religion, nor persuade anyone to be of it; neither should they hinder any of their relations from becoming Mahometans, if they had an inclination to it. 6.  They shall pay respect to the Mussulmans, and if they were sitting rise up to them. 7.  They should not go like the Mussulmans in their dress, nor wear the same caps, shoes, nor turbans, nor part their hair as they do, nor speak after the same manner, nor be called by the names used by the Mussulmans. 8.  They shall not ride upon saddles, nor bear any sort of arms, nor use the Arabic tongue in the inscriptions of their seals. 9.  They shall not sell any wine. 10.  They shall be obliged to keep to the same sort of habit wheresoever they went, and always wear girdles upon their waists. 11.  They shall set no crosses upon their churches, nor show their crosses nor their books openly in the streets of the Mussulmans. 12.  They shall not ring, but only toll their bells; nor shall they take any servant that had once belonged to the Mussulmans. 13.  They shall not overlook the Mussulmans in their houses:  and some say that Omar commanded the inhabitants of Jerusalem to have the foreparts of their heads shaved, and obliged them to ride upon their pannels sideways, and not like the Mussulmans.”

Upon these terms the Christians had liberty of conscience, paying such tribute as their masters thought fit to impose upon them; and Jerusalem, once the glory of the East, was forced to submit to a heavier yoke than ever it had borne before.  For though the number of the slain and the calamities of the besieged were greater when it was taken by the Romans, yet the servitude of those that survived was nothing comparable to this, either in respect of the circumstances or the duration.  For however it might seem to be utterly ruined and destroyed by Titus, yet by Hadrian’s time it had greatly recovered itself.  Now it fell, as it were, once for all, into the hands of the most mortal enemies of the Christian religion, and has continued so ever since, with the exception of a brief interval of about ninety years, during which it was held by the Christians in the holy war.

The Christians having submitted on these terms, Omar gave them the following writing under his hand: 

     “In the name of the most merciful God.

“From Omar Ebn Al Khattab, to the inhabitants of AElia.  They shall be protected and secured both in their lives and fortunes, and their churches shall neither be pulled down nor made use of by any but themselves.”

Upon this the gates were immediately opened, and the Caliph and those that were with him marched in.  The Patriarch kept them company, and the Caliph talked with him familiarly, and asked him many questions concerning the antiquities of the place.  Among other places which they visited, they went into the Temple of the Resurrection, and Omar sat down in the midst of it.  When the time of prayers was come