transaction is very remarkable, and, in some measure, inexplicable, on the facts before us.  There is nothing to show that the slaves given to Roldan’s followers were made slaves in a different way from those who had been sent over on former occasions, both by the admiral and his brother, for the benefit of the crown.  And yet the Queen, whom no one has ever accused of condescending to state craft, seems to deal with this particular case as if it were something quite new.  It cannot be said that the crown was favoured, for the question is put upon the legitimacy of the original capture; and to confirm this, there is a letter from the Sovereigns to one of their household, from which it may be inferred, though the wording is rather obscure, that they, too, gave up the slaves which had come over for them on this occasion.

Every body would be sorry to take away any honour from Isabella; and all who are conversant with that period must wish that her proclamation could be proved to have gone to the root of the matter; and that it had forbidden the sending Indians to Spain as slaves, on any pretext whatever.

  The admiral’s enemies working at court.

To return to the affairs of Hispaniola.  Columbus had now settled the Roldan revolt and other smaller ones; he had now, too, reduced the Indians into subjection; the mines were prospering; the Indians were to be brought together in populous villages, that so they might better be taught the Christian faith, and serve as vassals to the crown of Castile; the royal revenues (always a matter of much concern to Columbus) would, he thought, in three years amount to sixty millions of reals; and now there was time for him to sit down, and meditate upon the rebuilding of the temple of Jerusalem, or the conversion of Cathay.  If there had been any prolonged quiet for him, such great adventures would probably have begun to form the staple of his high thoughts.  But he had hardly enjoyed more than a month of repose, when that evil came down upon him, which “poured the juice of aloes into the remaining portion of his life.”

The Catholic sovereigns had hitherto, upon the whole, behaved well to Columbus.  He had bitter enemies at court.  People were for ever suggesting to the monarchs that this foreigner was doing wrong.  The admiral’s son, Ferdinand, gives a vivid picture of some of the complaints preferred against his father.  He says, “When I was at Granada, at the time the most serene Prince Don Miguel died, more than fifty of them (Spaniards who had returned from the Indies), as men without shame, bought a great quantity of grapes, and sat themselves down in the court of the Alhambra, uttering loud cries, saying, that their Highnesses and the admiral made them live in this poor fashion on account of the bad pay they received, with many other dishonest and unseemly things, which they kept repeating.  Such was their effrontery that when the Catholic king came forth they all surrounded