understand that it is meant to be a warning lest he should be compelled to put them through some harsh form of punishment.  He concludes his memorable address with a few candid words, in which he declares that he knows sailors to be the most envious people in the world and, in his own words, “unruly without government,” yet, says he, “May I not be without them!” It is quite clear that Drake would have no class distinction.  His little sermon sank deep into the souls of his crew, so that when he offered the Marigold to those who had lost heart, to take them back to England, he had not only made them ashamed of their refractory conduct, but imbued them with a new spirit, which caused them to vie with each other in professions of loyalty and eagerness to go on with him and comply with all the conditions of the enterprise.

The great commander had no room for antics of martyrdom.  He gave human nature first place in his plan of dealing with human affairs.  He did not allow his mind to be disturbed by trifles.  He had big jobs to tackle, and he never doubted that he was the one and only man who could carry them to a successful issue.  He took his instructions from Elizabeth and her blustering ministers, whom he regarded as just as likely to serve Philip as the Tudor Queen if it came to a matter of deciding between Popery and Protestantism.  He received their instructions in a courtly way, but there are striking evidences that he was ever on the watch for their vacillating pranks, and he always dashed out of port as soon as he had received the usual hesitating permission.  Once out of reach, he brushed aside imperial instructions if they stood in the way of his own definite plan of serving the best interests of his country, and if the course he took did not completely succeed—­which was seldom the case—­he believed “the reason was best known to God.”

John Hawkins and Francis Drake had a simple faith in the divine object they were serving.  Hawkins thought it an act of high godliness to pretend that he had turned Papist, in order that he might revenge and rescue the remnant of his poor comrades of the San Juan de Ulloa catastrophe, who were now shut up in Seville yards and made to work in chains.  Sir John hoodwinked Philip by making use of Mr. George Fitzwilliam, who in turn made use of Rudolfe and Mary Stuart.  Mary believed in the genuineness of the conspiracy to assassinate Elizabeth and set up the Queen of Scots in her place, to hand over Elizabeth’s ships to Spain, confiscate property, and to kill a number of anti-Catholic people.  The Hawkins counterplot of revenge on Philip and his guilty confederates was completely successful.  The comic audacity of it is almost beyond belief.  The Pope had bestowed his blessing on the conspiracy, and the Spanish Council of State was enthusiastically certain of its success.  So credulous were they of the great piratical seaman’s conversion, that an agreement was signed pardoning Hawkins for his acts of piracy in the West Indies