As the Tropics have been the cradle of humanity, the Temperate Zone has been the cradle and school of civilization.  Here Nature has given much by withholding much.  Here man found his birthright, the privilege of the struggle.

NOTES TO CHAPTER XVII

[1409] G.G.  Chisholm, Commercial Geography, p. 15.  London, 1904.

[1410] Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws, Vol.  I, Book XIV.  London, 1906.

[1411] W.Z.  Ripley, Races of Europe, pp. 574-578.  New York, 1899.

[1412] Julius Hann, Handbook of Climatology, Part I, pp. 223-224.  New York, 1903.

[1413] Isaiah Bowman, Distribution of Population in Bolivia, Bulletin of Geographical Society of Philadelphia, Vol.  VII, pp. 40, 41.

[1414] Ratzel, Aus Mexico, p. 415, Note 14.  Breslau, 1878.

[1415] Julius Hann, Handbook of Climatology, Part I, pp. 224-227.  New York, 1903.

[1416] G.G.  Chisholm, Commercial Geography, p. 23.  London, 1904.

[1417] Julius Hann, Handbook of Climatology, Part I, pp. 171-173.  New York, 1903.

[1418] Ibid., pp. 188-189.

[1419] Ibid., pp. 57-58.

[1420] Risley and Gait, Census of India for 1901, Vol.  I, Part 1, pp. 14-21, map p. 4.  Calcutta, 1903.

[1421] H.J.  Mackinder, Britain and the British Seas, pp. 173-174.  London, 1904.

[1422] G.G.  Chisholm, Commercial Geography, pp. 65-66.  London, 1904.

[1423] Ibid., 126-128.  Holdich, India, p. 259.  London, 1905.

[1424] G.G.  Chisholm, Commercial Geography, pp. 114, 382.  London, 1904.

[1425] J. Russell Smith, The Economic Importance of the Tropical Plateaus in America, House Doc. 460, 58-3—­53, pp. 829-835.  Washington, 1904.

[1426] G.G.  Chisholm, Commercial Geography, p. 160.  London, 1904.

[1427] E.C.  Semple, American History and Its Geographic Conditions, Chap.  XV.  Boston, 1903.

[1428] W.Z.  Ripley, Races of Europe, pp. 215-238.  New York, 1899.

[1429] Ibid., p. 276, Map p. 274.

[1430] E.C.  Semple, American History and Its Geographic Conditions, p. 280-283.  Boston, 1903.

[1431] G.G.  Chisholm, Commercial Geography, pp. 434, 436.  London, 1904.

[1432] H.R.  Mill, International Geography, p. 1009.  New York, 1902.

[1433] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  II, pp. 218-225.  London, 1896-1898.

[1434] Ibid., Vol.  II, p. 217.

[1435] W.Z.  Ripley, Races of Europe, Chap.  XXI.  New York, 1899.

[1436] Dr. C. Keller, Madagascar, Mauritius, and Other East African Islands, pp. 172-175.  London, 1901.

[1437] Matthias Romero, Mexico and the United States, Vol.  I, p. 79.  New York, 1898.

[1438] From a personal interview with the supervising agent for South America.

[1439] Heinrich von Treitschke, Politik, Vol.  I, p. 212 et seq.  Leipzig, 1897.