[1147] S.M.  Zwemer, Arabia the Cradle of Islam, p. 128.  New York, 1900.

[1148] Ezekiel, Chap.  XXVII, 21.

[1149] For economic principle, see W. Roscher, Handel und Gewerbefleiss, pp. 141-147.  Stuttgart, 1899.

[1150] Genesis, Chap.  XXXVII, 25-28, 36.

[1151] W. Roscher, National-Oekonomik des Ackerbaues, p. 39, Note 11.  Stuttgart, 1888.

[1152] S.P.  Scott, History of the Moorish Empire in Europe, Vol.  III, p. 616.  Philadelphia, 1904.

[1153] Felix Dubois, Timbuctoo, pp. 251-252.  New York, 1896.

[1154] Ibid., pp. 257-264.

[1155] S.M.  Zwemer, Arabia the Cradle of Islam, p. 151.  New York, 1900.

[1156] George Adam Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land, pp. 182-184.  New York, 1897.

[1157] J.L.  Burckhardt, Notes on the Bedouins and Wahabys, Vol.  I, p. 65.  London, 1831.

[1158] L. March Phillipps, In the Desert, pp. 130-134.  London, 1903.

[1159] F.R.  Martin, A History of Oriental Carpets before 1800, pp. 9, 29, 69 et seq., 101, 121.  Vienna, 1908.  G. LeStrange, Land of the Eastern Caliphates, pp. 37, 293-294, 353, 363, 471.  Cambridge, 1905.

[1160] J.K.  Mumford, Oriental Rugs, pp. 23-40, 100-111.  New York, 1895.

[1161] D.G.  Hogarth, The Nearer East, pp. 197-198.  London, 1902.

[1162] J.K.  Mumford, Oriental Rugs, p. 61.  New York, 1895.

[1163] J. Ferguson, History of Architecture, Vol.  II, pp. 277-278, 499, 500.  New York.  J. Ferguson, History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, Vol.  II, pp. 210-214.  New York, 1891.

[1164] Wilhelm Bode, Vorderasiatische Knuepfteppiche, pp. 3-4.  Leipzig.

[1165] Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol.  V, p. 78.  New York, 1858.

[1166] Sir S.W.  Baker, Exploration of the Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia, pp. 148-152.  Hartford, 1868.

[1167] Strabo, Book VII, chap.  III, 7, 17; chap.  IV, 6.  Book XI, chap.  II, 1, 2, 3.

[1168] J. Wappaeus, Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik des chemaligen spanischen Mittel- und Sud-Amerika, p. 1019.  Leipzig, 1863-1870.

[1169] Sir F. Younghusband, The Heart of a Continent, pp. 72, 74.  London, 1904.  Alfred Kirchoff, Man and Earth, pp. 58-71.  London.

[1170] J.L.  Burckhardt, Notes on the Bedouins and Wahabys, Vol.  I, pp. 374-377.  London, 1831.  L. March Phillipps, In the Desert, pp. 98-100.  London, 1905.

[1171] Exodus, Chap.  XXII, 1-4, 23.

[1172] John de Plano Carpini, Journey to the Northeast in 1246, pp. 110, 111, 113.  Hakluyt Society, London, 1904.

[1173] Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol.  V, p. 89.  New York, 1858.  H. Barth, Travels in North and Central Africa, Vol.  I, p. 144.  New York, 1857.

[1174] E. Huntington, The Pulse of Asia, pp. 121-123.  Boston, 1907.